Page 10 - DHIS102_HISTORY_OF_MEDIEVAL_INDIA_FROM_1000-1707_A.D_HINDI

bdkbZ—1: bLyke dk mn;

vkRek dh eqfDr osQ fy, 'kjhj dks Hkw[kk j[kk tk,A mudk rks fo'okl ;g Fkk fd euq"; fookg vkSj ikfjokfjd uksV
thou O;rhr djsA oqQjku dk vkns'k gS fd ,d eqlyeku iq#"k pkj fookg dj ldrk gSA
3- vfgalk esa vfo'okl (Disbelief in Non-Violence)% cq¼ rFkk tSu osQ vfgalk osQ fu;e dks Hkh bLyke
esa dksbZ LFkku ughaA eqgEen lkfgc us ek¡lkgkj dh fuUnk ugha dh vkSj u gh mUgksaus ,slk izpkj fd;k fd euq";ksa
rFkk thoksa dks nq%[k u nksA rks Hkh bldk vFkZ ;g ugha fd mUgksaus ;q¼] fgalk rFkk lEifÙk fouk'k dk leFkZu fd;kA
bldk rks osQoy bruk gh vFkZ gS fd os fdlh U;k;iw.kZ ;q¼ osQ fo#¼ ugha FksA

1-1-3 bLyke dh izxfr vkSj foLrkj (Progress and Expansion of Islam)

632 bZ- esa eqgEen lkfgc dh e`R;q osQ i'pkr~ bLyke lalkj osQ fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa esa iSQyus yxkA bLyke dks
iSQykus dk dke [kyhiQkvksa us vius Åij ys fy;kA 632 bZ- ls 749 bZ- rd meS;n [kyhiQkvksa dk izeq[k jgkA
ijUrq 749 bZ- ls 1256 bZ- rd vcklhn [kyhiQk cus jgs vkSj os gh bLyke osQ okLrfod usrk Hkh FksA
meS;n [kyhisQ (The Omayyads)

vcqcØ] 632&34 bZ- (Abu Bakr)% iSxEcj lkfgc dh ekSr osQ ckn vjc yksxksa us vcqcØ dks viuk [kyhiQk
pqukA og iSxEcj lkfgc osQ ifjokj osQ ,d eq[; lnL; Fks rFkk llqj HkhA iSxEcj lkfgc osQ tekrk vyh lkfgc
dks bl vf/dkj ls oafpr j[kk x;kA
bl izdkj ;g Li"V rFkk LFkkfir dj fn;k x;k fd f[kykiQr yksder osQ vuqlkj gh ekuh tk;sxhA vcqcØ cgqr
gh usd euq"; Fks tks cgqr lknk rFkk ifo=k thou O;rhr djrs Fks vkSj ftUgksaus bLyke dk izpkj rFkk izlkj osQ
fy;s cgqr oqQN fd;kA muosQ nks o"kZ osQ vof/dky esa bLyke /eZ bjkd rFkk lhfj;k rd iSQyk x;kA 634 bZ-
esa mudh e`R;q gks xbZA
mej lkfgc] 634&44 bZ- (Omar)% vcqcØ dh e`R;q osQ ckn f[kykiQr mej lkfgc osQ gkFkksa esa vk xbZ tks
iSxEcj lkfgc osQ cguksbZ rFkk ifjokj osQ lcls cM+s lnL; FksA mej lkfgc osQ v/hu gh f[kykiQr dh inoh
dk egÙo c<+kA mUgksaus bLyke osQ lkezkT; dks c<+kus osQ fy, cgqr oqQN fd;kA mUgha osQ usr`Ro esa bZjku osQ lezkV
dh gkj gqbZA mudh lsuk,¡ mÙkjh vizQhdk dh vksj f=kiksyh rd tk igq¡phaA la{ksi esa] mej lkfgc dh e`R;q 644 bZ-
esa gqbZ ijUrq mlls igys bjkd] cschyksu] bZjku] felz vkSj vizQhdk osQ oqQN Hkkx thr fy, x;s Fks vkSj ogk¡ bLyke
dk >aMk xkM+ fn;k x;k FkkA

mLeku] 644&656 bZ- (Osman)% mej osQ ckn mLeku lkfgc 644 bZ- esa xíh ij cSBsA muosQ v/hu eqlyeku
lsukvksa us dkcqy] xtuh] cY[k vkSj gSjkr dks thr fy;k vkSj rqdhZ dks eqlyeku cuk fn;kA ijUrq 656 bZ- esa
bl [kyhiQk osQ fo#¼ ,d "kM~;a=k gqvk vkSj mudh gR;k dj nh xbZA

vyh] 656&661 bZ- (Ali)% mLeku lkfgc dh gR;k osQ i'pkr~ iSxEcj lkfgc osQ tekrk rFkk ppsjs HkkbZ vyh
lkfgc dks [kyhiQk cuk fn;k x;kA ijUrq oqQN ,sls fcxM+s gq, yksx fudy vk;s ftUgksaus mudh lÙkk dks pqukSrh
nh] muosQ pquko dks voS/ ekuk vkSj muosQ fo#¼ "kM~;a=k djuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA lhfj;k osQ jkT;iky eqvkfo;k
us mudh lÙkk ekuus ls badkj dj fn;kA mlus viuh lsuk,¡ bdV~Bh dha vkSj vyh lkfgc osQ fo#¼ p<+kbZ dj
nhA ;q¼ eas vyh lkfgc ekj Mkys x;s vkSj bl izdkj eqvkfo;k [kyhiQk cu x;kA
eqvkfo;k (Muawiya)% eqvkfo;k osQ [kyhiQk cu tkus ls cM+k Hkkjh ifjorZu iSnk gks x;kA mlus [kqys :i
ls ?kks"k.kk dj nh fd eSa gh bLyke dk igyk lezkV vkSj bLyke osQ ekuus okyksa dk igyk lsukifr gw¡A f[kykiQr
vc pquko dh ckr u jg xbZ vkSj muosQ LFkku ij iSr`d vf/dkj dk fu;e ykxw dj fn;k x;kA [kyhiQr dk
osQUnz enhuk ls gVkdj ne'd cuk fn;k x;kA eqvkfo;k osQ v/hu eqlyekuksa us V~;wful] eksjkdks bR;kfn nwj&nwj

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