Page 19 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV rqyukRed jktuhfr dh ijEijkxr èkkj.kk (The Classical Tradition of Comparative Politics)
rqyukRed jktuhfrd dk bfrgkl yxHkx mruk gh çkphu gS ftruk jktuhfrd fpUru dk bfrgkl gSA lEiw.kZ
fyf[kr bfrgkl gh rqyukRed jktuhfr dk bfrgkl dgk tk ldrk gSA blosQ loZçFke fpUrd o ys[kd gksus dk
Js; vjLrw dks gh çkIr gSA vjLrw dh Hkwfedk rqyukRed jktuhfr dks Bksl vkèkkj nsus esa u osQoy egÙoiw.kZ ekuh
tkrh gS] oju~ dbZ dkj.kksa ls ekSfyd Hkh dgh tk ldrh gSA vjLrw us ftu leL;kvksa dks rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k
s
oQ fy, puk o ftu i¼fr;ksa dk jktuhfrd vè;;u esa çpyu fd;k] os vkt Hkh rqyukRed jktuhfr esa çpfyr
q
gSaA vjLrw us jktuhfr'kkL=k dks vuq'kklu osQ :i esa çèkkurk nh] vkSj bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd jktuhfr dk
vè;;u bl çdkj gksuk pkfg, ftlls jktuhfr lEcUèkh Kku dk fodkl ,d 'kkL=k osQ :i esa fd;k tk losQA
tc fdlh vè;;u dks 'kkL=k dk :i nsuk gksrk gS rks lcls igys mldh vè;;u i¼fr dh [kkst dh tkrh
gS ftlls ;g irk yxk;k tk losQ fd og dkSu&dkSu lh i¼fr;ka gS tks mls 'kkL=k cukus esa vfèkd ls vfèkd
lgk;d gksaxh\ vjLrw us loZçFke mu i¼fr;ksa dks crk;k vkSj rqyukRed jktuhfr vè;;u dks 'kkL=k osQ :i
esa fodflr djus dk çkjfEHkd ç;kl fd;kA
vjLrw us rqyukRed jktuhfr dks osQoy lS¼kfUrd cy gh ugha fn;k] vfirq rRdkyhu fo'o esa çpfyr 158
lafoèkkuksa dk rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k djosQ jktuhfrd vè;;u dks lqfuf'pr rF;ksa ij vkèkkfjr fd;kA vkuqHkfod
fo'ys"k.k dk ;g loZçFke ç;ksx FkkA vjLrw us viuh iqLrd iksfyfVDl esa jktuhfr dh vè;;u i¼fr;ksa lacaèkh
ç'u mBk;s vkSj vusd ç'uksa dk Lo;a gh bl iqLrd esa mÙkj Hkh fn;kA vjLrw us IysVks }kjk ç;qDr fuxeukRed
i¼fr (deductive method) dks jktuhfr'kkL=k esa i;kZIr ugha ekudj vkxeukRed i¼fr (inductive method)
ij cy fn;kA i¼fr;ksa osQ çfr vjLrw dk ;g fo'ks"k yxko iksfyfVDl dks ,d i¼fr lEcUèkh iqLrd cuk nsrk
gS] ftlesa loZ=k i¼fr;ksa lacaèkh ç'u mBk;s x;s gSaA vUr esa ;g dguk mi;qDr gksxk fd vjLrw ^rqyukRed i¼fr*
osQ çorZd gksus osQ dkj.k ^rqyukRed jktuhfr* osQ laLFkkid Hkh FksA mUgksaus ljdkjksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ fy, lqfuf'pr
vkèkkj crk, vkSj rqyukRed i¼fr dks çpfyr fd;kA blfy, vjLrw dk rqyukRed jktuhfr esa fo'ks"k LFkku o
egÙo gSA

rqyukRed jktuhfr dk çFke fpUrd vkSj ys[kd gksus dk Js; fdls çkIr gS\

eSfd;kosyh o iqu%tkxj.k dky (Machiavelli and Renaissance)

rqyukRed jktuhfr dk vkèkqfud vè;;u] iqu%tkxj.k dky osQ jktuhfrd fpUru ls vkjEHk gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA
bl dky esa jkT; dks ^nSoh* (divine) ugha ^ekuod`r* ekuk x;k vkSj blfy, blosQ iquxZBu ;k uo&fuekZ.k dk
;k ;ksa dgsa blesa lqèkkj ekxZ ç'kLr gqvkA
eSfd;kosyh iUægoha&lksygoha 'krkCnh osQ bl lkaLd`frd iqu%tkxj.k dky dk gh f'k'kq FkkA mlus jktuhfr&'kkL=k
esa i¼fr lEcUèkh ç'u fiQj mBk, vkSj jktuhfrd vè;;u dks oSKkfud Lo:i çnku djus dk vçR;{k ç;kl
fd;kA rqyukRed jktuhfr dks rks eSfd;kosyh dh egÙoiw.kZ nsu jgh gS] D;ksafd mlosQ jktuhfr lEcUèkh lHkh
fu"d"kZ fofHk 'kklu O;oLFkkvksa osQ rqyukRed vè;;u ij gh vkèkkfjr gSaA mldh iqLrd fçUl (Prince) osQ
vè;;u ls] rqyukRed jktuhfrd vuq'kklu dks mldh nsu dk laosQr feyrk gSA bl iqLrd esa eSfd;kosyh us
;g O;Dr fd;k gS fd jktuhfr dk O;ofLFkr o rqyukRed vè;;u D;ksa vko';d gS\ mlosQ fpUru o ys[ku
ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd jkT; euq"; }kjk fufeZr laLFkk gS vkSj jktuhfr dk mís'; lkekftd vfHk;U=k.k (social
engineering) gSA

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