Page 25 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN wzB/ ik ;ed/ jB. B"eoPkjh dh soK jh d/P ft~u ;ot^ftnkgh ekBz{BK d/ wkfXnw Bkb ftXh d/ Pk;B dh
;EkgBk dk j'Dk iK BjhA j'Dk th okiBhfse ftek; Bkb i'fVnk ik ;edk j?. fJjh ;jh j? fe okiBhfse
ftek; ft~u okiBhfse ;zouBktK dk ftfGzBheoD ns/ ftP/PheoD j[zdk j? ns/ fJ; Bz{ fttjkfoe pDkUD
d/ bJh gqPk;eh iK eqfweK Bz{ Io{oh o{g d/D dh Io{os g?Adh j?.go fJj sK ;t/~Skukoh Pk;B ft~u th
d/yD Bz{ fwbdk j? fe gqPk;B ubkUD bJh ftqj~so B"eoPkjh j't/, gqzs{ fJ; nkXko s/ fJBK Bz{ okiBhfse
fdqPNh Bkb ftef;s BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk. fJ; bJh fJj ftnkfynk th gqwkswe jh ejh ikDh ukjhdh
j?.
(S) iB^;zukoD ns/ ;fjGkfrsk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(S) iB^;zukoD ns/ ;fjGkfrsk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek; (Political development as
(S) iB^;zukoD ns/ ;fjGkfrsk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(S) iB^;zukoD ns/ ;fjGkfrsk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(S) iB^;zukoD ns/ ;fjGkfrsk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
administrative and legal development)^ okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ftef;s okiBhfse ftt;EktK
ft~u iB^;zukoD ns/ iB^;zuko ns/ iB^;fjGkfrsk tX iKdh j?. fJj ;fjGkfrsk ouBkswe jh j't/,
fJj Io{oh BjhA. iB^;zukbB ns/ iB^;fjGkfrsk d/ Bekokswe gfjb{ ysoBke ns/ okiBhfse ftek;
dh EK s/ okiBhfse gsB d/ gqshe pD ;ed/ jB. d{ih g/uhdrh, okiBhfse ftek; dh fJ; ftnkfynk
s'A fJj T[sgzB j[zdh j? fe iB^;fjGkfrsk dk wkgdzv eh j't/. ;'ftns o{; ft~u fBotkuBK ft~u eohp
eohp Ps^gqshPs wsdkB j[zdk j?.ns/ g~Swh iowBh ft~u fJj ws gqshPs 93 s~e gj[zu frnk ;h ns/
nwohek ft~u e[M okiK d/ ;so d/ u[BktK ft~u fJj 40# s~e ofj iKdk j?. eh fJBK gqshPsK Bz{
iB^;fjGkfrsk dk wkg wzfBnk ikt/. fJ; bJh okiBhfse ftek; Bz{ okiBhfse ftt;Ek ft~u iB^;zukbB
ns/ iB^;fjGkfrsk Bkb i'V e/ ;wMDk efmB jh j?.

(i) b'eszso d/ fBowkD d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(i) b'eszso d/ fBowkD d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek; (Political development as the
(i) b'eszso d/ fBowkD d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(i) b'eszso d/ fBowkD d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(i) b'eszso d/ fBowkD d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
duilding of democracy)^ b'eszso d/ fBowksk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek; dh ftnkfynk eoBk
soe;zrs brdk j?. fJ; noE ft~u okiBhfse ftek;, okiBhfse ;zouBktK ns/ gqfeqnktK Bz{ gqsh:'rh,
;[szso ns/ iB^;fjGkfrsk d/ b~SDK Bkb :[es eoD dh gqfeqnk j?. fJ; ftuko d/ nB/eK ;woEe jB
fe b'esKsfoe ftt;Ek dh ;EkgBk :EkoE ft~u okiBhfse ftek; jh j?. T[Zgo s'A d/yD s/ fJBK d'jK
dh go;go ;zpzX^;{sosk dk ntP'XB j[zdk j?, gqzs{ b'eszso dk ftuko w[~bK ns/ ftukoXkoktK Bkb rmpzfXs
j?, id'A fe okiBhfse ftek; dh ntXkoDk w[~bK ns/ ftukoXkoktK Bkb T[B:[es j?. fJ; bJh fJBK d'tK
ft~u ;zpzX ;Ekfgs eo ;eDk efmB j' iKdk j?.
(M) ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(M) ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek; (Political develop-
(M) ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(M) ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(M) ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
ment as stability and orderly change)^ okiBhfse ftek; Bz{ ;EkfJ~st ns/ ftt;fEs gfotosB
dh ftt;Ek th wzfBnk iKdk j?.fiBK okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u gfotosB dhnK ;[fBPfus ns/ ftt;fEs
gqftXhnK gqu~fbs ojhnK ns/ fi~E/ r?o^Io{oh T[Eb^g[Eb BjhA j[zdh, Uj okiBhfse ftek; dh nt;Ek
ft~u wzBhnK iKdhnK jB. fJ~E/ ;EkfJ~st ;wkfie, nkofEe, ;z;feqfse ns/ okiBhsh ;G gfjb{nK Bkb
;zpzfXs brdk j?.fJ;/ soK fJBK y/soK ft~u ftt;fEs gfotosB dh ftt;Ek Bz{ okiBhfse ftek; fejk
ikt/rk. fJ; noE ft~u fJj ;kXkoD ftek; dh ftnkfynk ejh ik ;edh j?, okiBhfse ftek; dh
ftnkfynk fJj BjhA j' ;edh. okiBhfse ftek; dk fJBK gfjb{nK Bkb e/tb ;zpzX jh j?, fJj fJBK T[Zs/
g{oh soK Go';k BjhA eodk. fJ; noE ft~u d' efmBkJhnK j'o T[sgzB j[zdhnK jB. fJ~e sK fJj fe
ftt;fEs gfotosB feBK ftXhnK d[nkok fBPgkfds gfotosB Bz{ fejk ikt/rk. fJ; T[Zs/ ;fjwsh j'
jh BjhA ;edh. d{ih efmBkJh fJj j? fe ;EkfJ~st d/ ;ze/se fejV/ fejV/ pDkJ/ ikD. fJ; bJh okiBhfse
ftek; Bz{ fJ; o{g ft~u ;wMD dh e'fPP th ftP/P ;jkfje BjhA j?.
(N) Pesh ;zukoe d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(N) Pesh ;zukoe d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek; (Political development as stability and
(N) Pesh ;zukoe d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(N) Pesh ;zukoe d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
(N) Pesh ;zukoe d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse ftek;
orderly change)^ okiBhfse ftt;Ek nkgDh g{oD Pesh dk gq:'r fe; ;so iK wksok ft~u eodh j?,
fJ; nkXko s/ UBK dh ftek; nt;Ek Bz{ wkgD dh r~b th pj[s wj~st o~ydh j?. ftek; tkbhnK okiBhfse
ftt;EktK ft~u Pesh d/ gq:'r dh Io{os BjhA ofjzdh j?.fJ; ft~u fJj noE th ;zfBfjs j? fe okiBhfse
ftt;Ek ftek; d/ bJh fezBh Pesh ;wki ft~u i[Nk gKUAdh j?.Pesh i[NkUDk sK jh ;zGt j[zdk j?, id'A
;oeko Bz{ ;[Gkfte iB^;woEB gqkgs j[zdk oj/. nfijh nt;Ek sK jh nkt/rh, id'A Pk;B ft~u
iB^;fjGkfrsk j't/rh. fJ; Bz{ ftek; dh ;fEsh wzfBnk iKdk j?.fJj noE nzs ft~u okiBhfse ftek;

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