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'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV tkrk FkkA enjlksa esa iznku dh tkus okyh mPp f'k{kk osQ lEiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dks nks Hkkxksaμ/k£ed rFkk ykSfdd
esa ck¡Vk tkrk FkkA /k£ed f'k{kk osQ vUrxZr oqQjku] gnhl o fiQØ (/eZ'kkL=k) dk xgu rFkk foLr`r vè;;u
Nk=kksa dks djk;k tkrk FkkA ykSfdd f'k{kk osQ vUrxZr vjch] bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] xf.kr] T;ksfr"k'kkL=k] ;wukuh
fpfdRlk] O;kdj.k] roZQ'kkL=k] dkuwu rFkk Ñf"k vkfn fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r Kku iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqfLye dky
esa f'k{k.k dh i¼fr eq[;r% ekSf[kd Fkh] jVus rFkk Lej.k ij cy fn;k tkrk FkkA O;k[;ku] iz'uksÙkj vkSj
okn&fookn fof/;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA Nk=kksa dks Lokè;k; fof/ ls Kku izkIr djus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr
fd;k tkrk FkkA vè;kid dh mifLFkfr esa cM+h d{kk osQ oqQ'ky vkSj ;ksX; Nk=k NksVh d{kk osQ Nk=kksa dks i<+kus
dk dk;Z djrs FksA jkt&njckjksa esa egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij 'kkL=kkFkZ Hkh djk;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kk vjch&iQkjlh osQ
ekè;e ls nh tkrh Fkh] ysfdu ckn esa izkjfEHkd f'k{kk mnwZ osQ ekè;e ls iznku dh tkus yxhA
eqfLye dky esa xq# vkSj f'k";ksa osQ lEcU/ cgqr ?kfu"B FksA f'k{kdksa dks lekt esa vR;Ur lEekuh; LFkku fn;k tkrk
FkkA f'k{kdksa dks osru cgqr de feyrk Fkk fiQj Hkh mUgsa lHkh LFkkuksa ij cgqr lEeku feyrk FkkA Nk=k xq# osQ vkns'kksa
dk ikyu djosQ vuq'kkflr] fouez vkSj lgu'khy cu tkrs Fks rFkk xq# Nk=kksa ls J¼k ikdj iwtuh; cu tkrk FkkA
eqfLye dky esa Nk=k vR;f/d vuq'kkflr jgrs FksA uSfrd o O;kogkfjd f'k"Vkpkj] vkRekuq'kklu vkSj fou;'khyrk
lHkh Nk=kksa osQ fy, vfuok;Z FkkA vuSfrd vkpj.k djus ij] >wB cksyus ij] nSfud ikB ;kn u djus ij vkSj vf'k"V
vkpj.k djus ij Nk=kksa dks dBksj 'kkjhfjd n.M fn;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kd Nk=kksa dks viuh bPNkuqlkj n.M nsrs FksA csar]
ykr&?kw¡ls] dksM+s yxkus] mQBd&cSBd djkus] [kM+k djus rFkk eqxkZ cukus tSls n.M fn;s tkrs FksA
2-1 eè;dkyhu f'k{kk ¶bLykfed f'k{kk¸ (Medieval Education "Islamic Education")

Hkkjr esa eqfLye 'kkldksa us osQUnzh; ;k izkUrh; Lrj ij f'k{kk osQ fdlh foHkkx dh LFkkiuk ugha dh] ij mUgksaus
lk/kj.kr% f'k{kk esa #fp vo'; yhA iQyLo:i] yxHkx lEiw.kZ eqfLye dky esa izkFkfed vkSj mPp f'k{kk dh
O;oLFkk FkhA ml dky esa f'k{kk osQ osQoy ;gh nks Lrj FksA bu nksuksa Lrjksa ij f'k{kk iznku djus osQ fy, eqfLye
'kkldksa vkSj fo|k&izseh] /uh O;fDr;ksa }kjk edrcksa vkSj enjlksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA bu laLFkkvksa esa f'k{kk
dk vk;kstu eq[;r% eqlyekuksa osQ fy, gh FkkA MkW- ,iQ-bZ- osQbZ osQ vuqlkjμ¶oqQN vioknksa osQ vykok
eqfLye&f'k{kk turk osQ mu vYila[;dksa osQ fy, Fkh] tks eqfLye&/eZ dks vaxhdkj dj ysrs FksA¸
osQbZ osQ bl dFku ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd eqfLye&f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa fgUnqvksa dk izos'k o£tr ugha FkkA ijUrq bu
laLFkkvksa dk /k£ed dV~Vjrk dk okrkoj.k] fgUnw Nk=kksa osQ fy, bruk fo"kkDr Fkk fd os buesa iznku dh tkus okyh
f'k{kk ls iw.kZ:is.k ykHkkfUor ugha gks ikrs FksA
1- izkFkfed f'k{kk (Primary Education)

(i) lkekU; ifjp;μizkFkfed f'k{kk osQ eq[; osQUnzμedrc FksA muosQ vfrfjDr] [kkudkgksa vkSj njxkgksa (Khanaqahas
& Dargahas) esa Hkh izkFkfed f'k{kk iznku dh tkrh FkhA bu f'k{kk&laLFkkvksa esa osQoy eqlyeku cPps gh f'k{kk izkIr
dj ldrs FksA oqQN O;fDrxr f'k{kd vius ?kjksa ij izkFkfed f'k{kk iznku djus dk dk;Z djrs FksA
(ii) izos'k rFkk vofèkμftl izdkj oSfnd ;qx esa ^miu;u laLdkj* osQ i'pkr~ vkSj ckS¼&;qx esa ¶izoT;k laLdkj¸
osQ mijkUr ckyd dh f'k{kk vkjEHk gksrh Fkh] mlh izdkj eqfLye ;qx esa ¶fcfLeYykg&[kkuh¸ (Bismillah-Khani)
dh jLe osQ ckn ckyd viuh f'k{kk vkjEHk djrk gSA ;g jLe ml le; gksrh Fkh] tc ckyd 4 o"kZ 4 ekg vkSj
4 fnu dk gksrk FkkA bl jLe osQ le; ckyd osQ yxHkx lHkh lEcU/h mifLFkr jgrs Fks vkSj og u, oL=k /kj.k
djosQ ekSyoh lkgc osQ le{k mifLFkr gksrk FkkA ekSyoh lkgc oqQjku 'kjhiQ dh vk;rsa i<+rs Fks vkSj ckyd ls mudks
nksgjokrs FksA ;fn ckyd mudks nksgjkus esa vleFkZ gksrk Fkk] rks mlosQ }kjk osQoy ¶fcfLeYykg¸ dgk tkuk gh i;kZIr
le>k tkrk FkkA

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