Page 44 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk

uksV f'k{kd vkSj usrk* dgk tkrk gSA bl n`f"V ls ekDlZ lalkj osQ u osQoy egku~ vfirq ;qx&izoÙkZd fopkjdksa esa
ls gSaA bZ- Lrsikuksok dk rks nkok gS fd ekDlZokn ^ekuork dks iFk&izn'kZd /zqo&rkjs dh Hkk¡fr] dE;qfuTe dk
jkLrk fn[kk jgk gSA*

7-1 ckSf¼d i`"BHkwfe (Intellectual Background)

^vUrjkZ"Vªh; loZgkjk osQ bl egku~ f'k{kd vkSj usrk* dkyZ ekDlZ dk tUe (izf'k;k osQ jkbu izkUr osQ) fVª;j uxj

osQ ,d ;gwnh ifjokj esa 5 ebZ] lu~ 1818 dks gqvk FkkA muosQ firk odhy Fks vkSj mUgksaus bZlkbZ /eZ xzg.k dj
fy;k FkkA ekDlZ dh f'k{kk lu~ 1830 ls 1835 rd fVª;j osQ ,d vPNs LowQy&fVª;j fteusft;e& esa gksrh jghA
mUgksaus vius LowQy dh vfUre ijh{kk osQ fy, tks fucU/ pquk mldk 'kh"kZd Fkk&is'kk pquus osQ lEcU/ esa ,d
r#.k osQ fopkjA bl fucU/ ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd bl l=kg o"khZ; ckyd us ml le; dh ekuork dh
R;kxiw.kZ lsok djus esa vius thou dh lkFkZdrk le>h FkhA bl LowQy dh vfUre ijh{kk ikl djus osQ i'pkr~
ekDlZ igys rks cksu vkSj fiQj c£yu fo'ofo|ky; osQ dkuwu foHkkx esa nkf[ky gq,A vkius viuk fo"k; dkuwu
pquk Fkk] ysfdu n'kZu'kkL=k vkSj bfrgkl esa Hkh mudh cgqr vf/d #fp FkhA
dkyZ ekDlZ dh fopkj/kjkvksa ij ml le; dh vusd egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa dk izHkko Li"V FkkA iw¡thokn dk
fodkl gks tkus osQ dkj.k ;wjksi osQ dbZ ns'kksa esa lkeUrksa vkSj Hkwnklksa osQ chp osQ lEcU/ksa osQ vo'ks"k vf/dkf/d
:i esa vlá cu pqosQ FksA gj dgha cM+s iSekus osQ iw¡thoknh m|ksx osQ tUe vkSj fodkl osQ lkFk&lkFk fdlkuksa
rFkk nLrdkjksa dh n'kk Hkh fcxM+ xbZ Fkh vkSj loZgkjk&oxZ iSnk gks x;k FkkA ;g ,d ,slk oxZ Fkk tks fd mRiknu
osQ lHkh lk/uksa ls oafpr FkkA ml le; teZuh dh turk ,d pDdh osQ nks ikVksa osQ chp fil jgh FkhA ,d
vksj ls lkeUrokn dk vo'ks"k vkSj nwljh vksj ls vifjiDo iw¡thokn mls ihfM+r dj jgk FkkA bu voLFkkvksa dk
izHkko ekDlZ dh fopkj/kjkvksa ij cgqr gh Li"V gSA
ekDlZ us vius fo|kFkhZ&thou esa gh ghxy dh Ñfr;ksa ls ifjp; dj fy;k Fkk vkSj okei{kh ghxyokfn;ksa ls

lEioZQ c<+kuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ekDlZ us tsuk fo'ofo|ky; esa viuk ,d O;k[;kRed fucU/ izLrqr fd;k
Fkk% mldk 'kh"kZd Fkk&nSeksØkbrl vkSj ,fioqQjl osQ izÑfr n'kZuksa esa vUrjA muosQ bl O;k[;kRed fucU/
ls irk pyrk gS fd ml le; mudk n`f"Vdks.k ;|fi Hkkooknh Fkk] fiQj Hkh og ghxy osQ vlaxfriw.kZ n'kZu
ls vuh'ojoknh vkSj ØkfUrdkjh fu"d"kZ fudyus yxs FksA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ghxy osQ ,fioqQjl osQ HkkSfrdokn vkSj
vuh'ojokn dks ysdj mudh fuUnk dh FkhA blosQ foijhr] ekDlZ us /eZ vkSj vU/fo'okl osQ fo#¼ ml izkphu
;wukuh nk'kZfud osQ lkgliw.kZ la?k"kZ dh ljkguk dhA ekDlZ dks ml O;k[;kRed fucU/ ij gh vizSy] lu~ 1841
esa n'kZu'kkL=k osQ MkWDVjsV dh mikf/ feyhA
ekDlZ dh bPNk cksu fo'ofo|ky; esa izksisQlj cuus dh Fkh] ijUrq mldh lqfo/k u feyus ij vkius vizSy] lu~
1842 esa jkbfu'k tkbVq¡x (jkbu dh x”kV) uked if=kdk esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj mlosQ lEiknd Hkh
cu x,A bl if=kdk osQ dkWyeksa osQ }kjk ekDlZ us ,f'k;k vkSj lewps teZuh esa ml le; ik, tkus okys jktuhfrd
vkSj /k£ed mRihM+u osQ fo#¼ rFkk vke turk osQ fgrksa osQ i{k esa vkokt mBkbZA mUgksaus ckj&ckj og vuqHko
fd;k fd turk dh vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ vko';drkvksa osQ izfr ,f'k;k dh ljdkj vkSj muosQ vf/dkfj;ksa dk
n`f"Vdks.k vR;Ur funZ;rkiw.kZ gSA bUgha rF;ksa osQ vk/kj ij og bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡ps fd ljdkj] mlosQ vf/dkjh
rFkk dkuwu 'kklu&oxks± osQ fgrksa dk gh izfrfuf/Ro vkSj leFkZu djrs gSa] turk osQ fgrksa dk ughaA

38 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY