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bdkbZ—7: dkyZ ekDlZ% ckSf¼d i`"BHkwfe




            ekufld ifjJe vkSj ges'kk ls lkFk jgh fu/Zurk us ekDlZ dh lcy dk;k dks vle; esa gh fucZy cuk fn;kA  uksV
            2 fnlEcj] 1881 esa mudh iRuh dk nsgkUr gks x;kA blls mUgsa Hkkjh lnek igq¡pkA mudk LokLF; vc vkSj Hkh
            fpUrktud gksrk pyk x;kA isQiQM+s dh lwtu vkSj iqjkuh [kk¡lh dh fpfdRlk osQ fy, og vYthfj;k vkSj nf{k.kh
            izQkal Hkh x,_ ysfdu mUgsa Hkh dksbZ ykHk ugha gqvkA blh chp mUgsa ,d vk?kkr vkSj yxk&mudh lcls cM+h iq=kh
            tsuh dh eqR;q gks xbZA tuojh] lu~ 1883 esa mu ij iqjkuh [kk¡lh dk ,d vkSj geyk gqvkA blosQ lkFk gh dbZ
            vkSj isphnfx;k¡ iSnk gks xb±A mudh gkyr rsth ls fxjrh gh pyh xbZ vkSj 14 ekpZ] lu~ 1883 dks ekDlZ bl
            lalkj ls fonk gks x,A
            ,axsYl us lalkj osQ lHkh Hkkxksa esa i=k Hksts vkSj ekDlZ osQ fe=kksa rFkk vuq;kf;;ksa dks crk;k fd vUrjkZ"Vªh;
            ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dks bl nq%[kn ?kVuk ls fdruh Hkkjh {kfr igq¡ph gSA mUgksaus fy[kk] ^^gekjh ikVhZ osQ lcls
            egku~ efLr"d us lkspuk cUn dj fn;k gS_ vkt ,d ,sls n`<+re ân; us /M+duk cUn dj fn;k gS tSlk eSaus
            igys dHkh ns[kk&lquk ugha FkkA**
            17 ekpZ] 1883 dks 'kfuokj osQ fnu ekDlZ osQ 'ko dks yUnu osQ gkbxsV uked dfczLrku esa niQuk;k x;kA ,axsYl
            us mudh lekf/ osQ cxy esa gh ,d ân;&fonkjd Hkk"k.k fn;kA vius bl Hkk"k.k esa mUgksaus oSKkfud dE;qfuTe
            osQ bl laLFkkid] etnwj&oxZ osQ bl egku~ usrk osQ HkkxhjFk iz;Ruksa dk] lHkh esgurd'kksa vkSj 'kksf"krksa osQ fy,]
            loZgkjk&oxZ osQ mn~ns'; osQ fy, muosQ R;kxiw.kZ vkSj ohjksfpr la?k"kks± dk vk¡[kksa&ns[kk vkSj ltho fp=k mifLFkr
            dj fn;kA mUgksaus viuk Hkk"k.k bl Hkfo";ok.kh osQ lkFk lekIr fd;k] ^^mudk uke ;qxksa&;qxksa rd vej jgsxk]
            vkSj blh rjg mudh dh£r Hkh vej jgsxhA**

            7-2 lkjka'k (Summary)


               • ekDlZ vius Økafrdkjh fopkjksa osQ dkj.k O;oLFkk osQ fy, vxzkg~; FksA

               • mUgksaus viuh oSpkfjd izfrc¼rk vUr rd cuk, j[khA
               • ^nqfu;k osQ etnwjksa ,d gks* dk ukjk nsus okys ekDlZ ,d ØkfUr dk LoIu ns[krs Fks] ftlesa fdlh izdkj
                  dh vlekurk ekStwn u gksaA
               • ekDlZ dk var rd lkFk nsus okys ,axsYl muosQ lcls djhch fe=k FksA

            7-3 'kCndks'k  (Keywords)


              1- }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn (Dialectical Materialism): ^}U}kRed* 'kCn ml izfØ;k dks bafxr
                  djrk gS ftlosQ vuqlkj l`f"V dk fodkl ,oa mlesa ifjorZu gksrk gSA tcfd HkkSfrdokn 'kCn l`f"V dh
                  jpuk osQ ewyrRo dks lwfpr djrk gSA blls fodkl HkkSfrd inkFkZ esa fufgr ,d vkUrfjd fojks/ }kjk
                  lapkfyr gksrk gSA blesa okn] izfrokn ,oa laokn osQ rhu pj.k gksrs gSaA
              2- n'kZu'kkL=k dh nfjnzrk (Poverty of Philosophy): ekDlZ us mudh roZQghurk dks crkrs gq,
                  ;g fl¼ djus dk iz;Ru fd;k fd iw¡thoknh lekt esa 'kks"k.k] xjhch vkSj ladVksa dk jguk vfuok;Z gSA

            7-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


              1- ekDlZ osQ fopkjksa ij ledkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ izHkko dh foospuk djsaA

              2- ckSf¼d i`"BHkwfe osQ ckjs esa D;k tkurs gSa\ laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA



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