Page 66 - DLIS405_INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL
P. 66

Unit 6: Cataloguing




          6.2  History                                                                             Notes

          Library catalogues originated as manuscript lists, arranged by format (folio, quarto, etc.) or in a rough
          alphabetical arrangement by author. Printed catalogues, sometimes called dictionary catalogues
          enabled scholars outside a library to gain an idea of its contents. These would sometimes be interleaved
          with blank leaves on which additions could be recorded, or bound as guardbooks in which slips of
          paper were bound in for new entries. Slips could also be kept loose in cardboard or tin boxes, stored
          on shelves. The first card catalogues appeared in the nineteenth century, enabling much more flexibility,
          and towards the end of the twentieth century the OPAC was developed.
                245 BC : Callimachus is considered the first bibliographer and is the one that organized
                         the library by authors and subjects. The Pinakes was the first ever library catalogue.
                         Variations on this system were used in libraries until the late 1800s when Melvil
                         Dewey developed the Dewey Decimal Classification in 1876, which is still in use
                         today.
                   800 : Library catalogues are introduced in the House of Wisdom and other medieval
                         Islamic libraries where books are organized into specific genres and categories.
                  1595 : Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalogue of
                         an institutional library.
                  1674 : Thomas Hyde’s catalogue for the Bodleian Library.
          More about the early history of library catalogues has been collected in 1956 by Strout.


          Cataloguing Rules

          Cataloguing rules have been defined to allow for consistent cataloguing of various library materials
          across several persons of a cataloguing team and across time. Users can use them to clarify how to
          find an entry and how to interpret the data in an entry.
          Cataloguing rules prescribe -> which information from a bibliographic item is included in the entry;
          -> how this information is presented on a catalogue card or in a cataloguing record; -> how the
          entries should be sorted in the catalogue. The larger a collection, the more elaborate cataloguing
          rules are needed. Users cannot and do not want to examine hundreds of catalogue entries or even
          dozens of library items to find the one item they need.
          Currently, most cataloguing rules are similar to, or even based on, the International Standard
          Bibliographic Description (ISBD), a set of rules produced by the International Federation of Library
          Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to describe a wide range of library materials.
          These rules organize the bibliographic description of an item in the following areas: title and statement
          of responsibility (author or editor), edition, material specific details(for example, the scale of a map),
          publication and distribution, physical description (for example, number of pages), series, notes,
          and standard number (ISBN). The most commonly used set of cataloguing rules in the English
          speaking world are the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition, or AACR2 for short. In
          the German-speaking world there exists the Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung,
          abbreviated RAK. AACR2 has been translated into many languages, however, for use around the
          world.




                       AACR2 provides rules for descriptive cataloguing only and does not touch upon
                       subject cataloguing.
          Library items that are written in a foreign script are, in some cases, transliterated to the script of the
          catalogue.




                                            LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY                                   61
   61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71