Page 98 - DLIS405_INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL

Unit 9: Trends in Indexing

Similarities Notes

• The subject content has to be analyzed and then, the standardized term has to be identified.
• In both types, the terms have to be co-ordinated.
• Both the systems involve the arrangement of the indexed cards in some logical order.

Differences

• In input preparation
• Differences in access point
• Differences in arrangement
• Differences in search time
• Differences in browse ability.

9.9 Citation Indexing

A citation index is an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish
which later documents cite which earlier documents. The first citation indices were legal citators such
as Shepard’s Citations (1873). In 1960, Eugene Garfield’s Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)
introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, starting with the Science
Citation Index (SCI), and later expanding to produce the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the
Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). The first automated citation indexing was done by
CiteSeer in 1997.
Citation indexing is a way to look forward in the literature from the starting point of a particular
paper or group of papers. This is a different and complementary approach to ordinary word-based
literature searching, which looks backward in the literature from the present time.
For example, if you have an excellent paper on a particular topic that was published in 1992, you
can use Science Citation Index (via Web of Science) to find papers published after 1992 that cited
that paper. Citation implies a direct subject relationship between the papers. So, by searching for
later papers citing your known paper, you can find more documents on the same or similar topic
without using any keywords or subject terms.

Major Citation Indexing Services
There are two publishers of general-purpose academic citation indexes, available to libraries by
subscription:

ISI (now part of Thomson Scientific), which publishes the ISI citation indexes in print
and compact disc. They are now generally accessed through the Web under the name
Web of Science, which is in turn part of the group of databases in the Web of
Knowledge.

Elsevier, which publishes Scopus, available online only, which similarly combines subject searching
with citation browsing and tracking in the sciences and social sciences.
Each of these offers an index of citations between publications and a mechanism to establish which
documents cite which other documents. They differ widely in cost: the ISI databases and Scopus are
subscription databases, the others mentioned are freely available online.

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