Page 232 - DCAP104_EXPOSURE_TO_COMPUTER_DISCPLINES

Unit 12: System Development Life Cycle

12.1.2 Requirement Analysis and Design Notes

Analysis gathers the requirements for the system. This stage includes a detailed study of the business
needs of the organization. Options for changing the business process may be considered. Design
focuses on high level design like, what programs are needed and how are they going to interact,
low-level design (how the individual programs are going to work), interface design (what are the
interfaces going to look like) and data design (what data will be required). During these phases,
the software’s overall structure is defined. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole
development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later
stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. The logical system of
the product is developed in this phase.
12.1.3 Implementation

In this phase the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written using
a conventional programming language or an application generator. Programming tools
like Compilers, Interpreters, Debuggers are used to generate the code. Different high level
programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding. With respect to the type
of application, the right programming language is chosen.
12.1.4 Testing

In this phase, the system is tested. Normally programs are written as a series of individual modules,
these subject to separate and detailed test. The system is then tested as a whole. The separate
modules are brought together and tested as a complete system. The system is tested to ensure
that interfaces between modules work (integration testing), the system works on the intended
platform and with the expected volume of data (volume testing) and that the system does what
the user requires (acceptance/beta testing).
12.1.5 Maintenance

Inevitably the system will need maintenance. Software will definitely undergo change once it is
delivered to the customer. There are many reasons for the change. Change could happen because
of some unexpected input values into the system. In addition, the changes in the system could
directly affect the software operations. The software should be developed to accommodate changes
that could happen during the post implementation period
A software development process, also known as a software development lifecycle, is a structure
imposed on the development of a software product. Similar terms include software life cycle and
software process. There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to a
variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. Some people consider a lifecycle
model a more general term and a software development process a more specific term. For example,
there are many specific software development processes that ‘fit’ the spiral lifecycle model.

Give usability of each step involved in SDLC.

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