Page 78 - DCOM203_DMGT204_QUANTITATIVE_TECHNIQUES_I

Unit 4: Presentation of Data

Percentage Sub-Divided Bar Diagram: A sub-divided diagram is used to show absolute Notes
magnitudes of various components. These magnitudes can be changed into relative by converting
them as a percentage of the total.
Pictogram: When numerical figures are represented by pictures, we get pictogram.
Pie Diagram: In order to show proportions of various components, a circle can also be partitioned
into sections in a similar manner as in component bar diagrams. Since there are 360º at the centre
of a circle, these are divided in proportions to the magnitude of values of different items. The
diagram, thus obtained is known as Angular Sector Diagram or more popularly as Pie Diagram.
Pyramid Diagram: This diagram is used to represent the distribution of population according to
sex, age, occupation, education, etc. The bars are drawn adjacently one above the other so as to
look like a pyramid.
Simple Bar Diagram: In case of a simple bar diagram, the vertical or horizontal bars, with height
proportional to the value of the item, are constructed. The width of a bar is chosen arbitrarily
and is kept constant for every bar.
Sliding Bar Diagram: Sliding bar diagrams are similar to duo-directional bar diagrams. Whereas
absolute values are shown by duo-directional bar diagrams, the percentage is shown using
sliding bar diagrams. The length of each sliding bar is same, which represents 100%. The bars
can be drawn horizontally or vertically.
Sub-divided or Component Bar Diagram: In case of a sub-divided bar diagram, the bar
corresponding to each phenomenon is divided into various components. The portion of the bar
occupied by each component denotes its share in the total.

4.7 Review Questions

1. Describe the merits and limitations of the diagrammatic presentation of data.

2. What are different types of diagram which are used in statistics to show salient characteristics
of groups and series? Illustrate your answer with examples.
3. What are the advantages of presentation of data through diagram? Give brief description
of various types of diagram.
4. Explain clearly the necessity and importance of diagrams in statistics. What precautions
should be taken in drawing a good diagram?
5. Describe, with suitable examples, the following type of diagrams:
(a) Bar Diagram
(b) Multiple Bar Diagram

(c) Pie Diagram
(d) Pictogram
6. Describe, in brief, different types of two-dimensional diagrams.

7. Discuss the usefulness of diagrammatic representation of facts and explain how would
you construct circular diagrams?

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