Page 196 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—10: U;k;

cgqr dfBu gSA fofHkUu jktuhfrd fopkj/kjkvksa us U;k; dh fofHkUu O;k[;k,¡ dh gSaA U;k; fdlh Hkh lekt dh uksV
vafre fu.kkZ;d vo/kj.kk gksrh gS] ,d ,slh ewy vo/kj.kk ftlosQ vkxs vU; lHkh /kj.kk,¡ 'kh"k uokrh gSaA U;k;
vU; vo/kj.kkvksaµtSls vf/dkj] Lora=krk] lekurk] laifÙk&esa leUo; djokrk gSA vr% U;k; dh fdlh Hkh
O;k[;k esa blosQ cgqi{kh; pfj=k dks è;ku esa j[kuk t:jh gSA
jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa esa U;k; dks ^forj.k dk xq.k* (property of distribution) ekuk tkrk gSA dksYc osQ
vuqlkj] U;k; dks nks vFkksZa esa le>k tkrk gS% (i) fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks mldk gd nsuk (to give one one’s
due), rFkk (ii) iqjLdkj vFkok ltk }kjk xyr dks Bhd djuk (to set the wrongs right either by
compensation or punishment) igys vFkZ esa U;k; dk laca/ lekt esa vf/dkj vkSj dRkZO;] HkkSfrd
inkFkZ] lqj{kk] izfr"Bk] volj vkfn osQ forj.k osQ fl¼kUr fuf'pr djuk gksrk gSA D;ksafd oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa
dk forj.k izR;sd lekt dh ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS] vr% U;k; osQ fl¼kUr dHkh Hkh fujaoqQ'k]
loZO;kid rFkk le:i ugha gksrsA izR;sd lekt dh vkfFkZd&lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu osQ lkFk&lkFk
buesa Hkh ifjorZu vkrk jgrk gSA nwljs vFkZ esa U;k; dk lEcU/ O+kQkuwu] O;oLFkk rFkk ltk nsus okys fu;eksa dh
O;k[;k ls gksrk gSA ;fn fdlh O;fDr dk dksbZ gd mldk ekuo gksus osQ ukrs gS rks og izkÑfrd U;k;
(natural justice) dgykrk gSA ;fn og gd fdlh ,sls fu;e osQ vuqlkj gS ftlosQ mYya?ku osQ fy, O;fDr
jkT; osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gS rks og O+kQkuwuh U;k; (legal justice) gksrk gSA
Mh-Mh- jsiQy osQ vuqlkj] U;k; nkseq[kh (Janus like) /kj.kk gSA ;g O+kQkuwuh vkSj uSfrd nksuksa gksrk gSA bldk
laca/ lekt dh O;oLFkk rFkk lekt osQ vf/dkjksa ls mruk gh gksrk gS ftruk O;fDrxr vf/dkjksa lsA ;g
ijaijkxr rFkk lq/kjoknh nksuksa fo'ks"krkvksa dk iks"kd gksrk gSA ,d vU; ys[kd osQ vuqlkj U;k; dks nks vFkksZa esa
le>k tk ldrk gS% (i) orZeku O+kQkuwuksa dk xaHkhjrk ls ikyu rFkk budk mYya?ku djus okyksa dks ltk nsdj
lkekt dks xyr yksxksa ls cpkuk rFkk (ii) U;k; dk laca/ O+kQkuwu osQ ihNs muosQ nk'kZfud vk/kjksa osQ vè;;u
ls Hkh gS_ vFkkZr~ lekt esa ftl O+kQkuwu dh j{kk dh tk jgh gS] ml O+kQkuwu osQ mís'; D;k gS\ O+kQkuwuksa dh j{kk
osQ ekè;e ls ge D;k izkIr djuk pkgrs gSa\ bl vFkZ esa U;k; dk vfHkizk; cgqr xgjk gks tkrk gS vkSj fofHkUu
fopkj /kjkvksa rFkk fpardksa osQ fopkj Hkh loZFkk fHkUu gks tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ U;k; dh /kj.kk O;kid Hkh gks tkrh gS
vkSj ;g uSfrdrk] vFkZO;oLFkk] lekt vkfn lcosQ lkFk tqM+ tkrh gSA jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa esa U;k; dh ppkZ
eq[;r% blh vFkZ dh O;k[;k osQ lanHkZ esa gksrh gSA

U;k; osQ ekunaM (Criteria for justice)

ledkyhu jktuhfrd fparu esa U;k; dks ^forj.k dk xq.k* ekuk tkrk gSA U;k; dh O;k[;k bl ckr ij fuHkZj
djrh gS fd lekt esa HkkSfrd oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ forj.k osQ ekunaM D;k gSaA vk/qfud iztkrkaf=kd lektksa
esa U;k; osQ eq[;r% rhu ekunaM fuf'pr fd, x, gSa% lekurk (Equality),;ksX;rk (Merit) rFkk vko';drk
(Need)A
fiNys 200 lkyksa esa] tc ls ekuoh; lekurk rFkk O;fDr osQ vf/dkjksa dks loZO;kid Lrj ij ekU;rk feyh
gS] lekurk U;k; osQ fdlh Hkh fl¼kUr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vk/kj cu xbZ gSA vkt U;k; dh ;g ewyHkwr ek¡x
gS fd lekt esa lHkh yksxksa osQ gd cjkcj gksrs gSa tc rd fd dksbZ ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ u gks tks vlekurk dks
mfpr Bgjk;sA vkt ^O+kQkuwu osQ le{k lekurk* (Equality before law) O+kQkuwuh O;oLFkk dk vfHkUu vax gSA
blh rjg lerkokn osQ :i esa vkfFkZd lekurk_ tkfr] /eZ] jax] Hkk"kk vkfn esa HksnHkkoghurk osQ :i esa lkekftd
lekurk_ o;Ld erkf/dkj rFkk ,d O;fDrµ,d oksV osQ :i jktuhfrd lekurk U;k; dh U;wure vko';drk,¡
ekuh tkrh gSA rFkkfi lekurk esa fo'okl dk vFkZ ;g t:jh ugha gS fd blls U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk

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