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bdkbZ—14: lkoZtfud fgr ,oa yksdra=k
dk;ZoqQ'kyrk esa deh yk ldrh gSA vr% ftu yksxksa us f'k{kk vFkok lEifÙk osQ ekè;e ls vPNs uSfrd vkSj uksV
iz'kklfud xq.kksa dks izkIr dj fy;k gS mUgsa vf'kf{kr vkSj voqQ'ky yksxksa dk eksgrkt ugha cuus fn;k tkuk
pkfg,A tSlk fey us fy[kk] ^;g osQoy gkfudkjd gh ugha cfYd nq%[knk;h Hkh gksxk ;fn fdlh ns'k dk lafo/ku
Kkuh dks Hkh mruh gh jktuhfrd 'kfDr nsus dh ?kks"k.kk djs ftruh fd vKkuh dks*A vr% ;fn ge 'kq¼ xf.krh;
n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[ksa rks fey dks iw.kZ lerkoknh ugha dg ldrsA fiQj Hkh mldk uSfrd i{k vf/d iztkrkfU=kd
gS D;ksafd og ,d ,sls lekt osQ fuekZ.k dk bPNqd Fkk tks O;fDr dks uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls Åapk mBk ldsA O;kid
Lrj ij mldk fu"d"kZ Fkk fd osQoy ,d ,slk izfrfuf/ yksdrU=k] ftldk dk;Z{ks=k vkSj 'kfDr;ka yksxksa dh
LorU=krk vkSj LosPNkpkjh vFkZO;oLFkk }kjk lhfer gS] gh ,d LorU=k lekt vkSj le`¼rk dh loksZÙke xkjUVh
gSA
ijaijkxr&mnkjoknh yksdrU=k osQ mijksDr fopkjksa dks xzhu] gkWcgkÅl] fyUMls] ckdZj] ykLdh] eSdkbZoj] tkWu
M~;wbZ] oqMjks foYlu vkfn dk Hkh leFkZu feykA chloha 'krkCnha esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk fuekZ.k gksus ls bl fl¼kUr
dks lqn`<+ djus esa lgk;rk feyhA fey osQ bl fopkj dks fd lkoZtfud o;Ld erkf/dkj xjhc vkSj vf'kf{kr
etnwj&oxZ dks 'kklu esa ys vk;sxk] vk/kjghu ik;k x;kA erkf/dkj dk lEiw.kZ o;Ld turk rd foLrkj dj
fn;k x;kA okLro esa chloha 'krkCnh osQ vkjEHk esa mnkjoknh ys[kdksa dk fopkj Fkk fd jktuhfrd nyksa osQ fodkl
us oxZ&fgr ij vk/kfjr fdlh Hkh rjg osQ [krjs dks iwjh rjg nwj dj fn;k gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s] eSdkbZoj dk
fopkj Fkk fd jktuhfrd nyksa us lekt osQ fofHkUu erksa dks vis{kkÑr FkksM+s vkSj ljy fodYiksa rd lhfer djus
dk egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k gSA blh rjg M~;wbZ us Hkh ;g fopkj O;Dr fd;k fd yksdrU=k lekt esa fc[kjh gqbZ
xfr'khy vkSj fofHkUu erksa dk vuqlj.k djus okyh turk dks laxfBr djus dk loksZÙke rjhdk gSA
1- ijEijkxr&mnkjoknh yksdrU=k dh fo'ks"krk;sa (Characteristics of Classical-liberal
Democracy)
yksdrU=k osQ ijEijkxr&mnkjoknh fl¼kUr dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk;sa js[kkafdr dh tk ldrh gSa%
1- yksdrU=k dk ijEijkxr&mnkjoknh fl¼kUr 'kklu osQ lUnHkZ esa turk dks loksZPp ekurk gSA
2- yksdrU=k dh ;g /kj.kk O;fDr dh bPNk dks egÙo nsrh gSA ;g O;fDr dks foosd'khy] uSfrd] jktuhfrd
n`f"Vdks.k ls lfozQ; vkSj LokFkhZ ekurs gSaA ;g O;fDrxr LorU=krk rFkk jkT; osQ U;wUkre gLr{ksi }kjk O;fDr dks
viuk lq[k Lo;a <wa<+us osQ vf/dkj ij cy nsrh gSA
3- ;g iqjkus jktrU=kksa vkSj oqQyhurU=kh; 'kkluksa osQ iw.kZr;k fo#¼ gSA ;g O;fDr osQ vf/dkjksa dh lqj{kk gsrq yksxksa
}kjk ljdkj esa Hkkxhnkjh rFkk oQM+s fu;U=k.k ij cy nsrh gSA jkT; osQ dk;ks± esa Hkkxhnkjh osQoy O;fDr osQ
vf/dkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy;s gh ugha cfYd ,d iw.kZr;k lwfpr] opuc¼ vkSj uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls foijhr
lkekftd leqnk; osQ vfLrRo osQ fy;s Hkh vko';d gSA O;fDr osQ lEiw.kZ fodkl osQ fy;s jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh
vfuok;Z gSA
4- yksdra=k dk lkj Hkkxhnkjh esa gSA blls O;fDr osQ lksp&fopkj esa o`f¼ gksrh gS] mlds Kku dk foLrkj gksrk
gS] mldk n`f"Vdks.k laoqQfpr u jgdj jk"Vªh; gks tkrk gSA jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh ckSf¼d] HkkoukRed vkSj uSfrd
f'k{kk dk Hkh dke djrh gSA
5- laLFkkRed Lrj ij ;g fl¼kUr izfrfuf/ ljdkj] pquk gqvk usr`Ro] fu;fer pquko] xksiuh; er] laoS/kfud
jkT;] LorU=k U;k;ikfydk] cgqer 'kklu] O;fDrxr vf/dkj rFkk ukxfjd LorU=krk;sa] fopkjkfHkO;fDr vkfn esa
fo'okl j[krk gSA
6- ;g pqus gq, izfrfuf/;ksa vkSj ukSdj'kkgh esa vUrj djrk gSA yksd&fu;U=k.k vkSj dk;ZoqQ'ky ljdkj bu nksuksa
dk ykHk rHkh mBk;k tk ldrk gS ;fn jktuhfrd rFkk iz'kklfud dk;Zdkfj.kh esa vUrj djosQ pyk tk;sA
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