Page 307 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV D;ksafd lgHkkxh yksdrU=k tulk/kj.k dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa Hkkxhnkjh dks okil ykuk pkgrk gS] vr% loky
mBrs gSa% (i) Hkkxhnkjh dh vko';drk D;ksa gS\ rFkk (ii) ;g lgHkkfxrk oQSls vkSj foQl lhek rd LkEHko gSA
vkb;s bu iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsaA
lgHkkfxrk dh vko';drk (Need for Participation)

tSls fd Åij ppkZ dh xbZ gS] lgHkkxh yksdrU=k dk vFkZ gS uhfr&fuekZ.k izfozQ;k esa tulk/kj.k dh HkkxhnkjhA
mnkjokn osQ izkjfEHkd ys[kd ts- ,l- fey us bl Hkkxhnkjh dks nks vk/kjksa ij U;k;laxr Bgjk;k Fkk% (i) ;g
vke turk dks 'kkldksa dh rkuk'kkgh ls cpkrh gS] rFkk (ii) ;g lEiw.kZ ekuotkfr osQ fodkl vkSSj mUufr dk
lk/u gSA ;s fof'k"V&oxhZ; rFkk cgqyoknh fl¼kUr Fks ftUgksaus O;fDr dh Hkkxhnkjh dks grksRlkfgr foQ;kA
lgHkkxh yksdrU=k bl Hkkxhnkjh dks okil ykuk pkgrk gSA dSjksy iSVeSu osQ vuqlkj] vkt osQ yksdrU=kksa esa LorU=k
vkSj leku O;fDr feyuk eqf'dy gks x;k gSA vf/dkjksa dk vkSipkfjd :i ls iznku foQ;k tkuk (gkykafd ;g
vuko';d ugha gS) dksbZ egÙOk ugha j[krk ;fn mUgsa okLrfod Lrj ij vey esa u yk;k tk ldsA LorU=krk
osQ vf/dkj dks osQoy mu okLrfod ukxfjd LorU=krkvksa vkSj voljksa ossQ lUnHkZ esa vkadk tk ldrk gS tks
O;fDr dks jktuhfrd vkSj ukxfjd thou esa lfozQ; rkSj ij fgLlk ysus osQ fy;s miYkC/ gksrs gSaA :lks vkSj fey
osQ fopkjksa ls izsj.kk ysrs gq, iSVeSu fy[krh gS fd lgHkkxh yksdrU=k ekuoh; fodkl esa o`f¼ djrk gS] jktuhfrd
dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dks c<+krk gS] 'kkldksa vkSj 'kkflrksa osQ vyxko dks dke djrk gS] lkewfgd leL;kvksa osQ ckjs esa
fpfUrr jgrk gS rFkk ,sls lfozQ; ukxfjd lewg iSnk djrk gS tks ljdkj osQ dk;ks± esa fgLlk ysus osQ dkfcy gksrs
gSA ;fn yksxksa dks ;g irk gks fd izHkko'kkyh lgHkkfxrk ykHkdj gS rks os vo'; gh lfozQ; rkSj ls Hkkx ysuk
ilUn djsaxsA blh rjg eSdIkQjlu dk Hkh ;g rdZ gS fd O;fDr dh LorU=krk rHkh pfjrkFkZ gks ldrh gS ;fn
mls jkT; osQ dk;kss± esa izR;{k :i ls fgLlk ysus dks volj fn;k tk;sA

lgHkkfxrk dk ,d vU; vkSfpR; gS fd ;g lh[kus dh izfozQ;k (learning process) gSA lgHkkfxrk O;fDr dh
lksp esa ifjorZu dj nsrh gSA ;g yksxksa dks lkekftd cukdj muesa u;s fo'okl] n`f"Vdks.k vkSj ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk
djrh gSA oqQd vkSj eksjxu osQ vuqlkj lgHkkfxrk jktuhfrd dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dks c<+krh gS vkSj O;fDr dks viuh
ifjfLFkfr;ka fu;fU=kr djus osQ ;ksX; cukrh gSA vkt osQ ;qx esa tcfd O;fDr iz'kklfud tfVyrkvksa osQ le{k
Lo;a dks vlgk; ikrk gS] lgHkkfxrk osQ ekè;e ls fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k esa ;g ifjorZu mlds bl vlgk;iu ij fot;
ikus esa lgk;d fl¼ gks ldrk gSA lgHkkfxrk ls lkoZtfud fo"k;ksa osQ ckjs esssa vf/d lwpuk,¡ fey ldrh gSaA
yksx leL;kvksa dks gy djus osQ fofHkUu fodYiksa osQ ckjs esa lksp ldrs gSaA lgHkkfxrk O;fDr dh lkeqnkf;d
,drk dh Hkkouk dks lqn`<+ dj ldrh gS vkSj vk/qfud thou osQ rukoksa dks de djus esa lgk;d gks ldrh gSA
lgHkkfxrk dk ,d vU; ykHk ;g gS fd blls csgrj fu.kZ; fy;s tk ldrs gSAa tSls fd Åij ppkZ dh xbZ gS]
lgHkkxh yksdrU=k vke O;fDr dh ^fo'ks"kK* osQ fo#¼ izfrfozQ;k gSA bl yksdrU=k osQ leFkZdksa dk dguk gS fd
vke O;fDr Hkh fo'ks"kK gks ldrk gSA dbZ ckj vke O;fDRk fuokZfpr izfrfuf/;ksa ls csgrj fl¼ gksrs gSaA vkt
osQ vkS|ksfxd vkSj rduhdh lektksa esa lkewfgd cqf¼ (O;fDrxr cqf¼ osQ foijhr) T;knk rdZlaxr gSA O;fDr
ftruk feydj lksPks mruk csgrj gSA blosQ vfrfjDr rkuk'kkgh osQ fo#¼ mÙke lqj{kk 'kfDr dk fooQsUnzhdj.k
gksrk gSA lgHkkxh yksdrU=k O;fDr dks fuf"Ø;rk] vufHkKrk vkSj vyxko ls cpk ldrk gSA

la{ksi esa] yksdrU=k dk lkj lgHkkfxrk esa gSA vke O;fDr dks fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k izfozQ;k osQ lkFk tksM+s fcuk yksdrU=k
O;FkZ gSA

lgHkkfxrk osQ rjhds rFkk dk;Z{ks=k (Method and Scope of Participation)

;fn lgHkkfxrk yksdrU=k dh vko';d 'krZ gS rks loky mBrk gS fd mls dk;kZfUor djus osQ fy;s vke O;fDr
osQ ikl rjhosQ dkSu&dkSu ls gSaA fofHkUu fopkjdksa esa lgHkkfxrk osQ lk/u vkSj lhekvksa osQ ckjs esa erHksn gksus

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