Page 52 - DENG201_ENGLISH_II

English - II

Notes 2. Direct : The teacher said, “Boys fail because they do not study regularly.”
Indirect : The teacher said that boys failed because they did not study regularly.
3. Direct : We said, “They cannot cross the river unless the boatmen help them.”
Indirect : We said that they could not cross the river unless the boatmen helped them.
3.3.2 Change of Verbs
1. Is or am Changes into was
Are ,, ,, were
Has or have ,, ,, had
2. Present Indefinite ,, ,, Past Indefinite
Tell or tells (1st form) ,, ,, told (2nd form)
Do or does ,, ,, did
3. Present Continuous ,, ,, Past Continuous
Is, am or are telling ,, ,, was or were telling
4. Present Perfect ,, ,, Past Perfect

Has or have told ,, ,, had told
5. Present Perfect ,, ,, Past Perfect
Continuous ,, ,, Continuous
Has or have been telling ,, ,, had been telling
6. Past Indefinite ,, ,, Past Perfect
Told (did tell) ,, ,, had told
7. Past Continuous ,, ,, Past Perfect Continuous
Was or were telling ,, ,, had been telling
8. Will ,, ,, would
Shall ,, ,, should
9. May ,, ,, might
Can ,, ,, could
10. Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses remain unchanged.
EXAMPLES
1. Direct : You said, “He is a very good athlete.”
Indirect : You said that he was a very good athlete.
2. Direct : I said, “I have finished my work.”
Indirect : I said, that I had finished my work.
3. Direct : He said, “Her parents will pay a visit to Delhi.”
Indirect : He said that her parents would pay a visit to Delhi.”
4. Direct : The doctor said, “If the patient does not take medicine, he will not recover.”
Indirect : The doctor said that if the patient did not take medicine he would not recover.
5. Direct : The Headmaster said, “Those who did not work hard failed.”
Indirect : The Headmaster said that those who had not worked hard had failed.
6. Direct : I said, “It may take him a year to make up his deficiency.”
Indirect : I said that it might take him a year to make up his deficiency.

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