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Unit 8: Before a Midnight Breaks in Storm by Rudyard Kipling

to write was unstoppable. In 1886, he published his first collection of verse, Departmental Notes
Ditties. That year also brought a change of editors at the newspaper; Kay Robinson, the new
editor, allowed more creative freedom and Kipling was asked to contribute short stories to the
newspaper. In an article printed in the Chums boys’ annual (No. 256, Vol. V, 4 August 1897, page
798), an ex-colleague of Kipling’s stated that ...”he never knew such a fellow for ink—he simply
revelled in it, filling up his pen viciously, and then throwing the contents all over the office, so
that it was almost dangerous to approach him”. The anecdote continues: “In the hot weather,
when he (Kipling) wore only white trousers and a thin vest, he is said to have resembled a
Dalmatian dog more than a human being, for he was spotted all over with ink in every direction.”

During the summer of 1883, Kipling visited Shimla (then known as Simla), a well-known hill
station and the summer capital of British India. By then it was established practice for the Viceroy
of India and the government to move to Simla for six months, and the town became a “centre of
power as well as pleasure”. Kipling’s family became yearly visitors to Simla, and Lockwood
Kipling was asked to serve in Christ Church there. Rudyard Kipling returned to Simla for his
annual leave each year from 1885 to 1888, and the town figured prominently in many of the
stories that he wrote for the Gazette. He describes this time: “My month’s leave at Simla, or
whatever Hill Station my people went to, was pure joy—every golden hour counted. It began in
heat and discomfort, by rail and road. It ended in the cool evening, with a wood fire in one’s
bedroom, and next morn—thirty more of them ahead!—the early cup of tea, the Mother who
brought it in, and the long talks of us all together again. One had leisure to work, too, at
whatever play-work was in one’s head, and that was usually full.” Back in Lahore, some thirty-
nine stories appeared in the Gazette between November 1886 and June 1887. Kipling included
most of these stories in Plain Tales from the Hills, his first prose collection, which was published
in Calcutta in January 1888, a month after his 22nd birthday. Kipling’s time in Lahore, however,
had come to an end. In November 1887, he was transferred to the Gazette’s much larger sister
newspaper, The Pioneer, in Allahabad in the United Provinces.
Kipling’s writing continued at a frenetic pace; in 1888, he published six collections of short
stories: Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, In Black and White, Under the Deodars, The
Phantom Rickshaw, and Wee Willie Winkie, containing a total of 41 stories, some quite long. In
addition, as The Pioneer’s special correspondent in the western region of Rajputana, he wrote
many sketches that were later collected in Letters of Marque and published in From Sea to Sea
and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel.
Kipling was discharged from The Pioneer in early 1889, after a dispute. By this time, he had been
increasingly thinking about the future. He sold the rights to his six volumes of stories for £200
and a small royalty, and the Plain Tales for £50; in addition, from The Pioneer, he received six-
month’ salary in lieu of notice. He decided to use this money to make his way to London, the
literary centre of the British Empire. On 9 March 1889, Kipling left India, travelling first to San
Francisco via Rangoon, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan. He then travelled through the United
States, writing articles for The Pioneer that were later published in From Sea to Sea and Other
Sketches, Letters of Travel. Starting his American travels in San Francisco, Kipling journeyed
north to Portland, Oregon; to Seattle, Washington; up into Canada, to Victoria and Vancouver,
British Columbia; back into the U.S. to Yellowstone National Park; down to Salt Lake City; then
east to Omaha, Nebraska, and on to Chicago, Illinois; then to Beaver, Pennsylvania on the Ohio
River to visit the Hill family; from there, he went to Chautauqua with Professor Hill, and later
to Niagara Falls, Toronto, Washington, D.C., New York, and Boston. In the course of this journey,
he met Mark Twain in Elmira, New York, and was deeply impressed. He then crossed the Atlantic,
and reached Liverpool in October 1889. He soon made his début in the London literary world—
to great acclaim.

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