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,sfPNd fgUnh—III                                            Vinod Kumar, Lovely Professional University




                    Notes
                                       bdkbZ 3% HkfDr ds izeq[k Hksn & lxq.k HkfDr /kjk



                                     vuqØef.kdk  (CONTENTS)

                                     mís';  (Objectives)

                                     çLrkouk  (Introduction)

                                     3-1 HkfDrdkyhu dkO;/kjk
                                          3-1-1  lxq.k HkfDr&/kjk

                                          3-1-2  lxq.k HkfDr&/kjk dh mi/kjk,¡

                                     3-2 lkjak'k (Summary)

                                     3-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
                                     3-4 vH;kl ç'u (Review Questions)

                                     3-5 lanHkZ iqLrdsa (Further Readings)



                                   mís'; (Objectives)


                                   bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ds i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ%
                                       HkfDrdkyhu dkO;/kjk ls ifjfpr gksaxsA

                                       lxq.k HkfDr /kjk dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA

                                       lxq.k HkfDr /kjk dh mi/kjkvksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA

                                       Ñ".k HkfDr 'kk[kk vkSj jke HkfDr 'kk[kk dk Kku izkIr djsaxsA

                                   çLrkouk (Introduction)


                                   fgUnh lkfgR; ds HkfDrdky dk le; laor~ 1375 ls ysdj laor~ 1700 rd ekuk tkrk gSA bl dky
                                   esa jktuhfrd n`f"V ls 'kkfUr LFkkfir gqbZA jktiwrh ohjrk dk ákl gks pqdk FkkA eqlyeku Hkh ;q¼
                                   ls Åc x;s Fks vkSj foftr ns'k esa 'kkfUr pkgrs FksA fgUnw pkgrs Fks fd mudk /eZ Hkh lqjf{kr jgs
                                   vkSj eqlyeku mldk fojks/ ;k [k.Mu u djsaA lkFk gh fgUnqvksa esa oqQN yksx ,sls Hkh Fks tks viuk
                                   /kfeZd O;fDrRo vyx j[kuk pkgrs FksA ckcw xqykc jk; ds vuqlkj] fgUnw eqlyekuksa ds fojks/h ugha
                                   FksA os rks lkjs lalkj dks ^fl;k jke e;* tku dj ^tksfj ;qx ik.kh* iz.kke djus dks rS;kj Fks fdUrq
                                   ,sD; dh osnh ij vius b"V nsoksa ds izfr viuh vuU; Hkkouk dk cfynku ugha djuk pkgrs FksA
                                   ml le; nf{k.k ls lxq.k HkfDr vkUnksyu py jgk Fkk] mlls mudh ân;&rU=kh >aÑr gks mBh FkhA
                                   tks mins'k Jh jkekuqtkpk;Z] oYyHkkpk;Z] pSrU; egkizHkq] rqdkjke vkfn lUrksa vkSj egkRekvksa us turk
                                   dks fn;s Fks] os vc lwjnkl vkSj rqylhnkl dh dkO;e;h ok.kh esa ,d uohu :Ik ls vorfjr gq,A




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