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Hardeep Kaur, Lovely Professional University bdkbZ 8% vusdkFkZd 'kCn
Notes
bdkbZ 8% vusdkFkZd 'kCn
vuqØef.kdk (CONTENTS)
mÌs”; (Objectives)
izLrkouk (Introduction)
8-1 vusdkFkZd 'kCn dk vFkZ
8-2 vusdkFkZd 'kCnksa dh rkfydk
8-3 lkjka”k (Summary)
8-4 ”kCndks”k (Keywords)
8-5 vH;kl iz”u (Review Questions)
8-6 lanHkZ iqLrdsa (Further Readings)
mís’; (Objectives)
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ%
vusdkFkZd 'kCn dk vFkZ tku ldsaxsA
vusdkFkZd 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx dh tkudkjh çkIr dj ldsaxsA
izLrkouk (Introduction)
çR;sd Hkk"kk esa vusd ,sls 'kCn gksrs gSa ftuds vFkZ ,d ls vfèkd gksrs gSA fgUnh esa Hkh dN ,sls
q
'kCn ç;qDr gksrs gSa ftuds vFkZ çlaxkuqlkj fHkUu-fHkUu gksrs gSaA
fgUnh lkfgR; esa ,sls 'kCnksa dk vfèkd ç;ksx dkO; esa gh feyrk gSA dkO; dks çHkko'kkyh cukus
ds fy, vkSj iw.kZ jlkLoknu ds fy, vusdkFkZd 'kCnksa dk Kku vfr vko';d gSA
8-1 vusdkFkZd 'kCn dk vFkZ
vusdkFkZd 'kCn dk vFkZ gS & vusd vFkZ okyk] vFkkZr~ ftu 'kCnksa ls ,d ls vfèkd vFkks± dk cksèk
gks] mUgsa vusdkFkZd 'kCn dgrs gSaA
vFkZ foLrkj esa dHkh-dHkh 'kCn uohu vFkZ èkkj.k djrs tkrs gSa ij os iqjkus vFkZ ugha NksM+rsA bl
çdkj ,d gh le; esa ,d 'kCn ds dbZ vFkZ pyrs jgrs gSaA ;s dbZ vFkZ dHkh okpd gksrs gSa vkSj
dHkh yod] dHkh lhfer gksrs gSa vkSj dHkh O;kid] dHkh lw{e rks dHkh LFkwyA mnkgj.k ds fy,%
gkFk euq"; ds gh gksrk gS fdUrq ?kM+h dh lwbZ Hkh gkFk ¼hand½ gSA euq"; dk gkFk] dqlhZ dk gkFk]
lkbfdy dk gkFk rFkk dqlhZ ij gkFk j[kus dh txg dks Hkh gkFk dgrs gSaA gkFk ls lkE;
j[kus rFkk gkFk ls dke djus ds dkj.k] lw¡M dks gkFk dgk x;k vkSj lw¡M èkkjh tho dks gkFkh dgk
x;kA
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