Page 17 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% fczfV'k foLrkj

dh lkeF;Z ugha FkhA dEiuh iz'kklu osQ mÙknkf;Ro dks Lohdkj ugha djrh FkhA xzkeh.k izns'kksa esa Mkdw Li‘ :i ls uksV
?kwers Fks rFkk laU;klh Nkikekjksa (raiders) osQ dkj.k ljdkj osQoy uke ek=k gh jg xbZ FkhA 1858 esa fczfV'k gkml
vkWiQ dkWeUt esa lj tkWtZ us dgk Fkk] ¶eSa fu'p;iwoZd ;g dg ldrk gw¡ fd 1765&84 rd bZ‘ bf.M;k dEiuh
dh ljdkj ls vf/d Hkz‘] >wBh rFkk cqjh ljdkj lalkj osQ fdlh Hkh lH; ns'k esa ugha FkhA¸
([k) Ñf"k dk âkl% Hkkjr dk vUu Hk.Mkj caxky vc mtkM+ cu pqdk FkkA Hkwfe dj laxzg djus dk Hkkj izfr
o"kZ vf/dkf/d cksyh nsus okys dks ns fn;k tkrk Fkk ftldh Hkwfe esa LFkkbZ :i ls dksbZ vfHk:fp ugha FkhA os
vf/dkf/d yxku izkIr djrs FksA caxky esa Ñ"kdksa ij Hkwfe dj vf/d gksrk Fkk rFkk mlosQ laxzg djus esa Hkh
cgqr dM+kbZ gksrh FkhA 1770 esa ,d vdky iM+k ftlls vR;f/d tku rFkk eky dh gkfu gqbZ mls ns[k dEiuh
osQ ,d inkf/dkjh us bl izdkj fy[kk Fkk] ¶vkt tks d#.kke; n`'; ns[kus dks feyrk gS mldk o.kZu djuk
euq"; dh 'kfDr ls ijs gSA ;g fuf'pr gS fd oqQN izns'kksa esa yksxksa us e`rdksa dks [kk;k gSA¸
(x) O;kikj rFkk okf.kT; dk fo?kVu (Disruption of Trade and Commerce)% Ñf"k dh mit esa deh
ls O;kikj rFkk okf.kT; ij Hkh oqQizHkko iM+kA 1717 ls caxky esa vaxsztks dks dj osQ fcuk O;kikj djus dh vuqefr
FkhA blosQ vuqlkj dEiuh osQ dydÙkk fLFkr xouZj dh vkKk ls dksbZ Hkh eky fcuk fujh{k.k rFkk csjksdVksd]
b/j&m/j tk ldrk FkkA dj lEcU/h vkKk ls ljdkj dks gkfu gqbZ rFkk Hkkjrh; O;kikj Hkh u‘ gks x;kA
(?k) m|ksx rFkk n{krk dk ßkl (Ruination of Industry and Skill)% caxky osQ diM+k m|ksx dh cgqr
gkfu gqbZA dEiuh us caxky osQ js'ke osQ m|ksx dks fu#Rlkfgr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k D;ksafd blls baXyS.M osQ js'ke
osQ m|ksx dks {kfr igqaprh FkhA 1769 esa dEiuh osQ MkbjsDVjksa us dk;ZdrkZvksa dks vkns'k fn, Fks fd dPps flYd
osQ mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr djks rFkk js'keh diM+k cquus dks fu#Rlkfgr djs js'ke dk /kxk yisVus okyksa dks dEiuh
osQ fy, dke djus ij ckè; fd;k tkrk FkkA
(Ä) uSfrd iru% caxkyh lekt dk uSfrd iru Hkh vkjEHk gks x;k FkkA Ñ"kd us vuqHko fd;k fd ;fn og
vf/d mRiknu djrk gS rks mls vf/d dj nsuk iM+rk gS vr,o osQoy bruk gh mRiknu djks ftlls osQoy
xqtkjk gks ldsA blh izdkj og tqykgk tks vius ifjJe dk ykHk Lo;a ugha Hkksx ldrk Fkk] vc mÙke dksfV
dk mRiknu djus dks m|r ugha FkkA dk;Z dh izsj.kkk lekIr gks xbZ rFkk lekt futhZo gks x;k rFkk mlesa lM+u
osQ y{k.k nh[kus yxsA

1757 ls 1772 osQ nkSjku caxky esa vaxszt% Dykbo ,d Ñr ladYi rFkk lkglh O;fDr FkkA mlosQ n`<+ ladYi
esa mlosQ lSfud xq.kksa dh >yd Hkh feyrh gSA

(v) vlSfud lq/kj% dEiuh vc ,d jktuSfrd laLFkk cu pqdh FkhA vr,o iz'kklfud lq/kjksa dh
vko';drk FkhA caxky dh rhu Økafr;ksa (1757] 1760 rFkk 1764) osQ dkj.k xouZj] ik"kZn rFkk dEiuh osQ vU;
dk;ZdÙkkZ iw.kZr;k Hkz‘ cu pqosQ FksA izR;sd O;fDr dks osQoy /u ,df=kr djus dh iM+h FkhA ?kwl] csbZekuh rFkk
vU; migkj ysus dh ijEijk cu pqdh FkhA dEiuh osQ dk;ZdrkZ futh O;kikj djrs Fks rFkk vkUrfjd djksa ls cpus
osQ fy, nLrd dk iz;ksx djrs FksA os dEiuh osQ fgrksa dh ugha lksprs FksA Dykbo us migkj ysus cUn dj fn,]
futh O;kikj cUn dj fn;kA vkUrfjd dj nsuk vfuok;Z cuk fn;kA bu izfrcU/ksa ls tks gkfu gqbZ mldh {kfriwfrZ
osQ fy, vxLr 1765 esa dEiuh osQ dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh ,d O;kikj lfefr cuk nh xbZ ftldks ued] lqikjh rFkk
rEckowQ osQ O;kikj dk ,dkf/dkj ns fn;k x;kA ;g fudk; mRikndks als leLr eky eksy ysdj fuf'pr osQUnzksa
ij ;g eky [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksa dks csp nsrk FkkA bl O;kikj osQ ykHk dEiuh osQ vf/dkfj;ksa dks muosQ in osQ
Øekuqlkj ckaV fn;k tkrk FkkA mnkgj.k osQ fy, xouZj dks 17]500 ikSaM] lsuk osQ duZu dks 7]000 ikSaM] estj
dks 2]000 ikSaM rFk vU; dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dks de /u fey tkrk FkkA

bl O;oLFkk osQ dkj.k lHkh nSfud iz;ksx dh oLrqvksa osQ eksy c<+ x, rFkk caxky osQ yksxksa dks cgqr dfBukbZ gksus
yxhA ;g ,d laxfBr ywV FkhA bl O;kikj lfefr osQ dkj.k yksxksa dh dfBukb;k¡ cgqr c<+ xb±A ijUrq dksVZ vkWiQ

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