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Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke (1707&1947 bZ-)

uksV ;g igyk vkSj vfUre volj Fkk tcfd ,d vaxszth ljdkj Hkkjrh; ekeys ij VwV xbZA tuojh 1784 esa fiV iz/
ku ea=kh cukA mlus ,d u;k fo/s;d izLrqr fd;kA nwljk iBu Hkh gks x;k ijUrq 'kh?kz gh efU=ke.My VwV x;kA ubZ
laln ebZ 1784 esa xfBr gqbZA ogh iqjkuk tuojh dh laln okyk fo/s;d dkeUl lHkk esa tqykbZ 1784 esa vkSj ykM~lZ
esa vxLr ekl esa ikfjr gqvkA iQkDl dk ;g dFku Fkk fd mldk fcy vf/d mÙke FkkA fiV us ,d vkSj lko/
kuh iz;ksx dh Fkh fd bl fo/s;d osQ fy, dEiuh dh LohÑfr igys ys yh FkhA vkSj bl izdkj fo/s;d osQ fojks/
dks igys gh lekIr dj fn;k FkkA okLro esa iQkDl rFkk fiV osQ fo/s;d yxHkx ,d gh izdkj osQ FksA fHkUurk osQoy
bl ckr esa Fkh fd iQkDl osQ fcy ls dEiuh laj{k.k dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k Fkk ijUrq blesaa mls tkjh j[kk x;kA

fiV us Lo;a Hkh bl fo"k; esa ;ksa dgk Fkk fd ¶iQkDl osQ fo/s;d ls O;fDr;ksa dks LFkkf;Ro feyuk Fkk]
esjs fo/s;d ls ,d iz.kkyh dks LFkkf;Ro feykA¸

vf/fu;e dh /kjk,¡μ 1784 osQ vf/fu;e ls dEiuh osQ yUnu fLFkr iz'kklu esa ifjorZu vk;kA blls ljdkj
dk dEiuh osQ ekeyksa esa fu;a=k.k c<+ x;k ;|fi dEiuh osQ O;kikj dks vNwrk NksM+ fn;k x;kA ijUrq lHkh
vlSfud] lSfud rFkk jktLo lEcU/h ekeyksa dks ,d fu;a=k.k cksMZ osQ v/hu dj fn;k x;k ftlesa ,d pkalyj
vkWiQ ,Dlpsdj] ,d jkT; lfpo rFkk muosQ }kjk fu;qDr fd, pkj izhoh dkmafly osQ lnL; gksrs FksA rhu
MkbjsDVjksa dh ,d xqIr lfefr }kjk cksMZ osQ lHkh eq[; vkns'k Hkkjr dks Hksts tkus FksA Lokfe;ksa osQ vf/dj.k
dks ;g vf/dkj ugha jgk fd MkbjsDVjksa dk tks vkns'k fu;a=k.k cksMZ }kjk Lohdkj dj fy;k gks] mls og jí]
fuyfEcr vFkok lekIr dj losQA

Hkkjr esa iz'kklu xouZjμtujy rFkk mldh pkj osQ LFkku ij rhu lnL;ksa okyh ifj"kn osQ gkFk esa ns fn;k x;kA
xouZuμtujy dks vHkh Hkh cgqer osQ vkns'k ij dk;Z djuk gksrk Fkk ijUrq vc lnL; la[;k rhu gksus osQ dkj.k
;fn ,d Hkh ik"kZn mldh vksj gksrk rks og viuk fu.kkZ;d er dk iz;ksx djosQ viuh ckr euok ldrk FkkA
blls vf/d bl vf/fu;e esa oqQN ugha fd;k x;kA ;g =kqfV 1793 esa nwj dh xbZ tc xouZjμtujy dks ifj"kn
cgqer dh vuns[kh djus rFkk er dks jí djus dk vf/dkj fn;k x;kA blh vf/fu;e osQ vuqlkj cEcbZ rFkk
enzkl izsftMsafl;k¡ Hkh xouZjμtujy vkSj mldh ifj"kn osQ v/hu dj nh xb±A blosQ vfrfjDr ;g Hkh fu'p;
fd;k x;k fd Hkfo"; esa osQoy laJkfor lsod gh xouZjμtujy dh ifj"kn osQ lnL; fu;qDr fd;s tk,axsA ckgj
osQ yksxksa dks bu inksa ij fu;qDr djus dk iz;kl liQy ugha gqvkA

vf/fu;e ij fopkj (Observations on the Act)μ bl vf/fu;e }kjk dEiuh osQ lafo/ku esa nks eq[;
ifjorZu vk,A igyk ;g fd baXyS.M esa ljdkj dk ,d foHkkx cuk;k x;k ftls fu;a=k.k cksMZ dgrs Fks vkSj
ftldk eq[; dk;Z MkbjsDVlZ dh uhfr dks fu;fU=kr djuk Fkk vkSj bl izdkj 'kklu dh gh nksgjh iz.kkyh] ,d
dEiuh }kjk] vkSj nwljh ,d lalnh; cksMZ }kjk cuk nh xbZ vkSj ;g 1858 rd pyrh jghA fu;a=k.k cksMZ dks
iz'kklu dk Lora=k vf/dkj ugha FkkA blosQ ikl dksbZ laj{k.k ugha FkkA bldh 'kfDr vkoj.k esa HkhA bldks dEiuh
osQ lHkh dkxtkr ns[kus dk vf/dkj Fkk vkSj osQoy O;kikfjd vkns'kksa dks NksM+dj] 'ks"k lHkh vkns'kksa ij bldh
LohÑfr vko';d Fkh vkSj vko';drk iM+us ij fu;a=k.k cksMZ viuk vkns'k MkbjsDVjksa dh xqIr lfefr dks Hkst
ldrk Fkk vkSj mls MkbjsDVjksa dks gLrk{kj dj viuh vksj ls Hkkjr Hkstuk gksrk FkkA bl izdkj Hkkjr esa dEiuh
dk leLr lSfud rFkk vlSfud iz'kklu vaxszth ljdkj osQ v/hu gks x;k FkkA MkbjsDVlZ osQ cksMZ dks vius
laj{k.k ij iw.kZ vf/dkj Fkk vkSj mUgsa vius inkf/dkfj;ksa dh inksUufr djus dk Hkh iw.kZ vf/dkj FkkA bl cksMZ
dk vè;{k vkjfEHkd dky esa ,d jkT; lfpo gksrk Fkk vkSj mls dksbZ fo'ks"k osru ugha feyrk Fkk ijUrq 1793
osQ i'pkr~ losru vè;{k fu;qDr gks x;k vkSj ;g vf/dkjh Hkkjrh; 'kklu osQ fy, 1856 rd mÙkjnk;h jgk
tc blosQ LFkkiu ij Hkkjr jkT; lfpo dh fu;qfDr gks xbZA bl izdkj ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd fiV osQ bf.M;k

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