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bdkbZ—2% IysVksoknh lkE;okn vkSj f'k{kk fl¼kar
;ksX; le>s tkus okys O;fDr gh jkT; osQ iw.kZ laj{kd (nk'kZfud 'kkld) cusaxsA buosQ fy, ikap o"kZ rd vFkkZr~ uksV
30 o"kZ ls 35 o"kZ dh vk;q rd IysVks us mPprj f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk dh gSA ;g f'k{kk eq[;r% }U}kRedrk (Dialectic)
dh f'k{kk gksxh ftlesa n'kZu'kkL=k osQ vè;;u ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;k gSA ¶;fn xf.kr'kkL=k HkkSfrd inkFkks± ls vewrZ
fpUru dh vksj c<+us dk izFke lksiku Fkk rks fo'kq¼ fopkjksa vkSj vfUre lr~ osQ fopkj rd igqapus osQ fy, f}rh;
lksiku n'kZu'kkL=k gSA¸
35 o"kZ dh vk;q rd f'k{kk nsus osQ ckn Hkh IysVks laj{kdksa osQ f'k{k.k dks viw.kZ ekurk gSA vHkh rd mUgsa dksjh
ckSf¼d f'k{kk feyh gS] mUgsa lalkj dk fozQ;kRed vuqHko ugha gSA vr% IysVks osQ vuqlkj tks gj izdkj ls Js"B
fl¼ gksa os vkxs osQ iUnzg o"kZ rd (vFkkZr~ 50 o"kZ dh mez rd) lalkj dh ikB'kkyk esa rwiQkuh FkisM+s vkSj
èkDosQ [kkdj O;kogkfjd Kku izkIr djsaA bl izdkj tks O;fDr 50 o"kZ dh mez rd gj vfXu ijh{kk esa [kjs
mrjsaxs os gh nk'kZfud jktk cusaxs vkSj jkT; dk 'kkluHkkj laHkkysaxsA
vius vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fy, IysVks us ftl f'k{kk ;kstuk dks viuk;k gS] mldh izeq[k fo'ks"krk D;k
gS\
2-4 IysVks osQ f'k{kk fl¼kar dh fo'ks"krk,¡] vkykspuk ,oa egÙo (Characteristics
Criticism and Importance of Platonic Conception of Education)
IysVks dh f'k{kk i¼fr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- jkT; }kjk fu;fU=kr rFkk vfuok;Z f'k{kkμIysVks jkT; }kjk fu;fU=kr vfuok;Z f'k{kk ij cy nsrk gSA
og f'k{kk dks O;fDrxr {ks=k esa ugha NksM+uk pkgrkA og mls O;olk; ugha cukuk pkgrkA mlosQ vuqlkj
jktdh; fu;U=k.k osQ vHkko esa f'k{kk lkekftd fgrksa dh ugha] cfYd oS;fDrd fgrksa dh flf¼ gksxhA
lsckbu osQ vuqlkj ¶IysVks us fjifCyd esa jkT; fu;fU=kr vfuok;Z f'k{kk dh ;kstuk izLrqr dh gSA mldh
;g ;kstuk ,FksUl dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh ls cgqr vkxs c<+dj FkhA¸
IysVks us f'k{kk dks vfuok;Z crk;k gSA mlosQ vuqlkj f'k{kk dksbZ ,slh pht ugha ftls ifjokj vFkok eka&cki
dh LosPNk ij NksM+ fn;k tk;sA jkT; dh vksj ls f'k{kk dh vfuok;Z O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA
2- O;fDrRo dk lok±xh.k fodklμIysVksoknh f'k{kk dk mís'; O;fDr dk 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj vkfRed
vFkkZr~ lok±xh.k fodkl djuk gSA bl n`f"V ls ;g okLrfod vkSj iw.kZ f'k{kk gSA
3- L=kh iq#"k osQ fy, leku f'k{kkμIysVks dh f'k{kk L=kh&iq#"k nksuksa osQ fy, leku :i ls miyCèk gSA
IysVks nksuksa dh ;ksX;rk vkSj {kerk esa dksbZ Hksn ugha djrkA og nksuksa osQ leku izf'k{kd ij cy nsrk gS
vkSj nksuksa dks gh jkT; osQ dk;ks± osQ fy, rS;kj djuk pkgrk gSA IysVks osQ jkT; esa fL=k;ksa osQ fy, Hkh jktin
osQ }kjk mlh izdkj [kqys gSa ftl izdkj ;s iq#"kksa osQ fy, [kqys gSaA IysVks dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh dk ;g rRo
xzhd i¼fr esa ozQkfUrdkjh ifjorZu ,oa lqèkkj FkkA
lsckbu osQ vuqlkj IysVks dk fo'okl Fkk fd yM+dksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dh LokHkkfod izfrHkk esa dksbZ vUrj
ugha gksrkA blfy, nksuksa dks ,d&lh f'k{kk feyuh pkfg,A fL=k;ksa dks Hkh iq#"kksa osQ leku gh in feyus
pkfg,A ;g fL=k;ksa osQ vfèkdkjksa dk roZQ ugha gS cfYd lEiw.kZ LokHkkfod izfrHkk dks jkT; osQ fy, miyCèk
djus dh ,d ;kstuk ek=k gSA
4- f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ nks HkkxμIysVks dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ nks Hkkx gSaμizkFkfed ,oa mPprjA izkFkfed f'k{kk
20 o"kZ rd osQ ;qodksa dks feyrh gS tks laj{kd oxZ osQ lnL; gksrs gSaA bl f'k{kk dk dky 20 ls 35
o"kZ rd dk gSA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 37