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Comparative Politics and Government

Notes 13. Determination of the status and the protection of the State borders, territorial sea, air space,
exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the Federation.
14. Judicial system, public prosecution, criminal-procedural and criminal-executive legislation,
amnesty and remission, civil, civil-procedural legislation, legal regulation of intellectual
property,
15. Federal collision law,
16. Meteorological service, standards, metric and time systems, goods and cartography, official
statistics and book-keeping.
17. State awards and honorary titles of the Federation,
18. Federal State services.
A novel feature of this Constitution is that it has included a list of concurrent powers on the
pattern of the Australian and Indian Constitutions. Art. 72 says about the ‘joint jurisdiction’ of the
Russian Federation and the constituent units in these matters:
1. Measures to ensure the correspondence of Constitution and laws of the republics and the
charters, laws and other normative legal acts of other units,
2. Protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, protection of the rights of national
minorities, ensuring lawfulness, law and order, public security, border zone regimes,
3. Issues of possession, utilisation and management of land and of subsurface water and other
natural resources,
4. Demarcation of State property,
5. Use of natural resources, protection of the environment and provisions for ecological safety,
specially protected natural territories, protection of historical and cultural monuments,
6. General issues of upbringing, education, science, culture, physical education and sport.
7. Coordination of health care issues, protection of the family, maternity, fatherhood and
childhood, social protection, including social security.
8. Carrying out measures against catastrophes, natural disasters, epidemics, and the rectification
of their consequences,
9. Establishment of common principles of taxation and levies in the Russian Federation,
10. Administrative, administrative-procedural, labour, family, housing, land, water and forest
legislation, legislation on sub-surface resources and on environmental protection,
11. Personnel of judicial and law enforcement bodies, lawyers, notaries,
12. Protection of the traditional habitat and the traditional way of life of small ethnic communities,
13. Establishment of general principles of the organisation of the system of State government and
local government bodies,
14. Coordination of international and foreign economic relations of constituent entities of the
Russian Federation, and observance of international agreements of the Russian Federation.
Finally, the Constitution provides for the creation of a Constitutional Court to settle legal disputes
between the Federation and the constituent units, to interpret the provisions of the Constitution,
and to determine the constitutional validity of the laws and decrees of the Federation and of the
constituent units.
Though the Constitution of the Russian Federation meets all the requirements of the federal
system, it has its own peculiar features which may be enumerated as under:
1. Admission into the Russian Federation and creation of a new constituent entity shall take
place in accordance with the procedure established by federal constitutional law.
2. The status of a republic shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation as
well as by the Constitution of the republic. But the status of all other units shall be determined
by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter of the unit concerned as adopted
by its legislature.

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