Page 345 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_ENGLISH

Comparative Politics and Government

Notes Self-Assessment
1. Choose the correct options:
(i) The disintegration of the Red Embire (USSR) in ............... .
(a) 1991 (b) 1989 (c) 1992 (d) 1993
(ii) Modern state is regarded as a sovereign entity, according to ............... .
(a) Hobbes (b) Austin (c) Hegel (d) All of these
(iii) Presently trans-national state is a body of ............... .
(a) 21 states (b) 22 states (c) 25 states (d) None of these
(iv) A trans-national state is known for having a ............... .
(a) Divided sovereignty (b) Sole centre of pover
(c) United power (d) None of these

(v) MFN stands for ............... .
(a) Most favourite nation (b) Multi favoured nations
(c) Most favoured nation (d) None of these.

14.4 Summary

• The objective of the lesson is to understand the varied impact that globalization has made on
the developing countries and assess the general and the specific responses of the developing
countries across the world. The emphasis here is to study specifically the impact of the
globalization process on the developing countries in order to understand the different responses
with which the developing countries are evolving policy packages to meet the challenges posed
by globalization.
• It is widely acknowledged that the current globalization has resulted in rising income inequalities
within countries as well as between countries. It has also led to greater polarization across
countries because technology-the prime factor responsible for the current wave of economic
globalization, still remains concentrated in a small body of already industrially advanced
countries. Placed in such a bind, the policy concerns of the less developed countries is largely a
response to the evolving structural divide between them and the industrially advanced countries.
So much so, globalization is perceived by the less developed countries to be a system typified
by the apex economic institutions such as the IMF and WTO in which the more developed
countries advance their national interests to the detriment of the less developed countries
especially in areas such as trade and capital investment. Some among the less developed countries
feel that the current globalization process has led to the worsening of the structural poverty in
many countries.
• While the afore-mentioned concerns largely relate to trade matters, the less developed countries
are also making demands in respect of issues relating to foreign direct investment.
• In the final analysis, what the less developed countries have achieved is far from adequate.
Now, most developing countries have accepted the WTO regime though with considerable
reluctance and reservation. Yet, concerted efforts are made by the developing countries to use
the WTO forum for evolving a ‘rule based’ multilateral mechanism that would enable them to
enhance their gains and at the same time help minimize the rigours and the adverse effects of
the current economic globalization. In this effort, the less developed countries have evolved
common strategies to realize their goals. Yet, the task ahead for the less developed countries is
by all means challenging.
• Globalisation has its definite impact on the social and cultural life of the people. Traditional
institutions are growing weak and new identities are emerging that do not belong to any
community or nation in particular.

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