Page 262 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV (i) vusd dk;Z ifjokj ls jkT; dks gLrkarfjr gks x, gSaA lekt dY;k.k dh vo/kj.kk izkS|ksfxdh
dh mit gSA jkT; osQ dk;Z{ks=k esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
(ii) jkT; ij ncko&lewgksa dk izHkko c<+ x;k gSA
(iii) LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ dk;Z osQUnzh; ljdkj osQ ikl vk x, gSaA

(iv) jk"Vªokn osQ vojks/d pwj&pwj gks x, gSa rFkk fo'o jkT; dk fopkj cy idM+ jgk gSA
(v) iztkra=k 'kklu dk lkekU; :i cu x;k gSA

5- /kfeZd thou ij izHkko (Effects on Religious Life)—oSKkfud Kku dh o`f¼ gksus ls vaèkfo'okl
lekIr gks jgs gSaA vc /kfeZd lgu'khyrk vf/d ek=kk esa ikbZ tkrh gSA fofHkUu /eks± osQ vuq;kf;;ksa us
viuh :f<+okfnrk dks lekIr djosQ nwljs /eks± osQ yksxksa osQ lkFk mBuk&cSBuk vkjEHk dj fn;k gSA èkeZ
vc vf/d oSKkfud ,oa ykSfddhÑr cu x;k gSA mi;qZDr lHkh izHkko Hkkjrh; thou esa Hkh ns[ks tk
ldrs gSaA

6- izkS|ksfxdh vkfo"dkjksa dk fojks/ (Opposition to Technological Inventions)—izkS|ksfxdh vkfo"dkjksa
dk le;≤ ij izfl¼ O;fDr;ksa }kjk fojks/ fd;k x;k gSA 1826 esa ,d n{k vfHk;ark dk fopkj
Fkk fd N% ehy ls vf/d xfr fouk'k dh vksj ys tk,xhA 1906 esa lkbeu U;w dkEc
(Simon Newcomb) ,d [kxksy'kkL=kh us fopkj O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd cgqr nwj rd mM+ku osQ iz;Ru
liQy ugha gks losQaxs] D;ksafd HkkSfrdh osQ fu;e ,oa vkS|ksfxdh dykvksa dh fLFkfr ,sls fopkj dks
vO;kogkfjd cukrs gSaA vkS"kf/ osQ {ks=k esa jDr&lapkj osQ ckjs esa fofy;e gkosZ dh [kkst dk U;wjecxZ
osQ dkLij ghiQeSu }kjk ;g dgdj ifjgkl fd;k x;k fd ;g izd`fr osQ fu;e esa gLr{ksi gSA blh
izdkj] dhVk.kq foKku esa ik'pj (Pasteur) dh [kkstksa dk ?kksj fojks/ fd;k x;kA iQk;M] ,d
euksoSKkfud] dk vkt Hkh fojks/ fd;k tkrk gSA baXySaM esa jsyxkM+h osQ vkjfEHkd fnuksa esa] jsy dks ^ifg;s
ij pyrk& fiQjrk ujd* ,oa ^'kSrku dk fMCck* dgk x;k FkkA ;krk;kr osQ vkfo"dkjksa dk Hkh ?kksj fojks/
fd;k x;k] ;gk¡ rd fd mudks voS/ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA 1861 esa fczfV'k laln~ us ^?kksM+kghu xkM+h*
dks vos/ ?kksf"kr fd;kA la;qDr jkT; esa jsyxkM+h dks thou ,oa vaxksa osQ fy, [krjk ,oa lekt osQ fy,
fo?kVudkjh rRo dgdj fuUnk dh xbZ vHkh gky gh esa Hkkjr esa thou chek fuxe osQ deZpkfj;ksa us
^x.kd ;a=kksa* (Computing machines) dk ;g dgdj fojks/ fd;k fd blls mudh N¡Vuh gks tk,xhA
yksxksa }kjk ,sls vkfo"dkjksa] tks ckn esa u osQoy mi;ksxh] vfirq euq"; osQ fy;s ojnku fl¼ gq,] dk
fojks/ vkt ,dne fofp=k ekywe gksrk gSA
lkekftd vkfo"dkj (Social Inventions)—izkS|ksfxdh; vkfo"dkj vkxcuZ }kjk rFkkdfFkr lkekftd vkfo"dkjksa
dks tUe ns ldrs gSaA lkekftd vkfo"dkjksa ls mldk rkRi;Z ,sls vkfo"dkjksa ls gS tks HkkSfrd ugha gksrs ,oa ftudk
izkÑfrd foKku ls lEcU/ 8gha gSA cfg"dkj] ukjh&ernku] vlg;ksx vkUnksyu] vkuqikfrd izfrfuf/Ro] o`¼k;q
isa'ku] cky&U;k;ky;] fookgh; C;wjks] flfoy lfoZl] Jfedksa dks ykHkka'k] vxUrqd vè;kid] euksoSKkfud
mipkjky;] jksVjh Dyc] 'kks/&laLFkku] la;qDr jk"V la?k] lkekftd vkfo"dkjksa osQ dqNsd mnkgj.k gSaA vr,d
vHkkSfrd vkfo"dkjksa dks lkekftd vkfo"dkj dgk tk ldrk gSA ;|fi lkekftd vkfo"dkjksa dh mRifÙk esa
dHkh&dHkh HkkSfrd vkfo"dkjksa dk gkFk gksrk gS] rFkkfi izk;% HkkSfrd izHkko ux.; gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.kr;k]cfg"dkj
tks ,d lkekftd vkfo"dkj gS] fdlh rkRdkfyd ;kaf=kd vkfo"dkj ij vkfJr ugha gS] vr,o ;g fu"d"kZ ugha
fudkyuk pkfg, dh lkekftd vkfo"dkjksa osQ fy, ;kaf=kd vkfo"dkj iwoZ&vko';drk gSa rFkkfi ;kaf=kd
vkfo"dkjksa dh Hkk¡fr lkekftd vkfo"dkj Hkh leatu dh fdlh vko';drk osQ lgt Kku ls mn~Hkwr gksrs gSaA
lkekftd vkfo"dkj lkekftd ifjorZu ykrs gSa (Social Inventions Bring Social Changes)— lkekftd
vkfo"dkj lkekftd ifjorZuksa dk dkj.k curs gSa] ;g Li"V gSA Hkk"kk osQ vkfo"dkj us tks dnkfpr~ lcls egku~

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