Page 12 - DECO403_MATHEMATICS_FOR_ECONOMISTS_ENGLISH
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": 8CA5=B C: 9@9A9BH C: :IB7H=CB / =G 5GGC7=5H98 K=H< H<9 9@9A9BH C: 0  H<9B 9@9A9BH  0  C: H<=G  ";@1
               8CA5=B K<=7< =G 5GGC7=5H98 K=H< /   =G 9LDF9GG98 K=H<   /   K<9F9   /  9LDF9GG9G H<9 J5@I9 C: :IB7H=CB
                    K<=7< 5@GC 75B 69 KF=HH9B 5G IB89F
                                                         0   /       /         /

                       5:0? ;2  A:/@5;:?

                      A:/@5;:? ;2 ?5:381 B->5-.81 K =: J5F=56@9 0 =G CB@M 89D9B898 CB J5F=56@9 /  H<9B 0     /  =G
                     75@@98 :IB7H=CBG C: G=B;@9 J5F=56@9  ,=A=@5F@M 0              *          -       +         9H7  5F9 :IB7H=CBG C:
                                                                            +
                     G=B;@9 J5F=56@9
                      A:/@5;:? ;2 !-:E B->5-.81 K =: J5F=56@9 , =G 89D9B898 CB J5F=56@9 / 5B8 0  H<9B ,     /  0  =G
                     75@@98 :IB7H=CBG C: A5BM J5F=56@9
                      D<85/5@  A:/@5;: K :IB7H=CB 0     /  =G 75@@98 9LD@=7=H :IB7H=CB  =: =H =G DCGG=6@9 HC 9LDF9GG 0 5G
                     =B89D9B89BH 9@9A9BH C: /  :CF      9H7

                     0    /                   /  C  G    /  0    70  /
                                                  /
                      9<85/5@   A:/@5;: K :IB7H=CB 0     /  =G 75@@98 =AD@=7=H :IB7H=CB  =: =H =G BCH DCGG=6@9 HC 9LDF9GG
                     0 5G =B89D9B89BH 9@9A9BH C: /

                                          0
                                                  /
                                   G=B /


                      ;> 1D-9<81  0/          5B8          /      0         /0
                                                    0
                      B1:  A:/@5;: K 5GGIA9 0     /  =G :IB7H=CB C: 0
                     ":    /      /
                     /=N  =: =B D@579 C: /  DIHH=B; Z/ =B   /   H<9F9 =G BC 7<5B;9 =B G=;B C: :IB7H=CB  =H =G 75@@98 9J9B
                     :IB7H=CB

                      ;> 1D-9<81   /     7  C  G       G    7 /    /    C              /
                     #00  A:/@5;: K 5GGIA9 0     /  =G :IB7H=CB C: /
                      ;> 1D-9<81   /            /             /       /

                     ":    /    Z   /
                     /=N  =: =B D@579 C: /  DIHH=B; Z/ =B   /   H<9 G=;B C: :IB7H=CB 7<5B;98 H<9B =H =G 75@@98 C88
                     :IB7H=CB
                      831.>-5/  A:/@5;: K  IB7H=CB K=H< 8=::9F9BH 9LDCB9BH=5@ J5@I9 C: L J5F=56@9  =B K<=7< :57HCFG
                     5F9 79FH5=B =G 75@@98 5@;96F5=7 :IB7H=CB


                      ;> 1D-9<81               /   /     /      /

                                               /   /    / Z
                                               /    /
                     &-@5;:-8  A:/@5;:    IB7H=CB 9LDF9GG98 =B H<9 :CFA C: :F57H=CB  =B K<=7< BIA9F5HCFG 5B8
                     89BCA=B5HCFG 5F9 C: 5@;96F5=7 :IB7H=CB C: 9LDCB9BH=5@ J5@I9  =G 75@@98 F5H=CB5@ :IB7H=CB
                                                                /  /
                                               /

                                                        /       /      /
                     (>-:?/1:01:@-8  A:/@5;: K H<9G9 5F9 C: :C@@CK=B; HMD9G

                      =   -F=;CBCA9HF=75@  IB7H=CBG GI7< 5G G=B /  7CG /  G97 /  G=B  /  G97 / 9H7
                                                        Z
                      ==   "BJ9FG9  =F7I@5F  IB7H=CBG GI7< 5G G=B /  H5B /  G97 /  9H7
                                                                   Z
                                                             Z

                      ===  %C;5F=H<A=7  IB7H=CBG GI7< 5G @C; /  @C; /  @C;   /     /      9H7
                                                     9
                      =J   LDCB9BH=5@  IB7H=CBG GI7< 5G       / G=B /    G=B /  7CG /  9H7
                                                     /
                                                   /
                                                  #*  , $&#  '' #"   )" * &' (,
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