Page 140 - DECO403_MATHEMATICS_FOR_ECONOMISTS_ENGLISH

9>/

B+7:6/ /7+8. 90 +8C 7989:96C 3= F +8. &9>+6 -9=> 3= >2/8 -+6-?6+>/
>2/ 9:>37?7 6/@/6 90 3==?/ :<3-/ &9>+6 $/@/8?/ +8. :<903> π &/66 ?= >2/ =/-98.
-98.3>398 90 :<903> 7+B373D+>398
0 7989:96C ,/-97/= 0?66 -97:/>3>398 >2/8 A2+> A9?6. ,/ @+6?/ 90 :<3-/ 3==?/ +8. :<903>
%96?>398 9;H7@ H3>G7E 3D7
O ;
;;
*:7D78AD7 *AF3> (7H7@G7
N
;;;

*AF3> &DA8;F
!

;H AD BDA8;F ?3J;?;L3F;A@

%D

%D

&GFF;@9 F:7 H3>G7 A8 ;@ 7CG3F;A@ ; ;;; 3@6 ;H
O N O
N O N N
O
N O N N O
O O
O
)75A@6 5A@6;F;A@ A8 BDA8;F ?3J;?;L3F;A@

8 ?A@ABA>K 475A?7E 8G>> 5A?B7F;F;A@ F:7@ ;@ F:;E 5A@6;F;A@ A8 7CG;>;4D;G? IAG>6 47 3E ;@
G>> A?B7F;F;A@
$AI

;887D7@F;3F;@9 I;F: D7EB75F FA

!( * "$! %% ! ' ( $% &*