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Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education

Notes Introduction

Purposive education utilizes both time and energy and process of education keeps functioning smoothly.
On the basis of clear aims, syllabus and methods of education are formed. With Purpose less education
we can neither prepare syllabus, nor can we utilize strategies of education, select methods of education
and nor can we develop child personality.

2.1 Need and Importance of Aims of Education

Every work of life depends on an objective. No one can have interest in aimless work. Purposeless
education too is meaningless. We can never expect any result from it. It makes both teacher and student
dispirited. In the words of B.D. Bhatia, “without knowledge of aim, teacher is like a sailor who
does not his destination and student is like that rudderless boat, who keeps floating towards shore

getting wave strikes of sea”. Purposive education makes process of education lively; makes teachers
and students aware; creates far sightedness; creates force to have enthusiasm, inspiration and immense
power to do work. Purposive education only guides activities of teacher. Learning student knows that
what he has to learn and teacher imparting education knows what he has to teach?
We can clarity importance of aims of education by the following as well—
1. Education is a purposive process and aims of education provide desired direction to this process.
2. Aims of education are helpful in analyzing results of process of education.
3. Aims of education provide importance and continuity to process of education.
4. Aims of education provide clear and defined direction to the works of students.

5. Aims of educations are very important for dexterity of school administration. Selection of teachers,
syllabus, planning, organization of library and syllabus related associated activities etc are directed
by the aims of education only.
6. Aims of education are important for parents, guardians and general public as well.
7. Aims of education help an individual to do any work with intelligence. With aim before, any one
knows what he is doing and why? It saves time and energy.

Education is a purposive process and aims of education provide desired direction to this
process of education.

2.2 Factors Determining Educational Aims

1. Philosophy of Life—aims of education are dependent on objectives of life and contribution of society
and individual is greater in defining objectives of life. We see different aims of education as there is

difference between individual thoughts and philosophy. This is the reason, idealism stresses on self
realization in context of objectives, naturalists on self expression and physicality on sociality.
2. Political Factors—aims of education can’t remain to be unaffected by the political ideology of any
country. Aims of education can’t be similar for dictatorial and communist nations. Aims of education

of democratic nations are flexible and stresses on liberty, equality and dignity of mankind.
3. Social Factors—humans are social animal. It borns in society, grows in society, receives education,
fulfills his needs and grows and develops in society. Hence, aims of education are defi ned after

making base of social condition, social needs, social values and ideals.

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