Page 244 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_ENGLISH

Guidance and counseling

Notes 22.2 Causes of Psychological Disorders

There are different psychological disorders which affect students efficiency in study and other fields.
They are causes of psychological disturbances. These are as fellows :
Psychoanalysts = Psychotherapist
• Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Anxiety
• Bipolar Disorder
• Children’s Mental Health
• Depression

• DSM-IV Diagnoses
• Eating Disorders
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Panic Disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Although many adults suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or AD/HD, symptoms
begin in childhood, and therefore diagnosis and treatment usually do, too.

Children with AD/HD often tend to extremes in their responses to the outside world.
They might be both oversensitive and undersensitive to stimuli-completely unable
to tolerate certain clothing fabrics, for instance, yet able to sleep through prolonged
periods of loud noises.

They’ll find it impossible either to stay with one activity for any length of time or to endure sudden
changes. In the face of anxiety, they might exhibit extreme, even violent agitation, or an otherworldly
calm.
The triggers for these symptoms are, biological, and medication is almost always part of the AD/
HD treatment. And because AD/HD manifests itself primarily through behavior, behavioral coaching
is also often part of the AD/HD regimen.
But the person with ADHD is after all a person, not just a disorder, a set of behaviors that annoy
others, or a set of symptoms. In psychoanalytic treatment, the analyst can help the person with
ADHD understand how it has effected her development, her relationships, and her school or work
life. The psychoanalyst can help identify problems in self-regulation as well as the unique capacities
a person with ADD often has. In psychoanalytic treatment, the person with ADHD can develop a
usable narrative about her own history, and a comprehensive understanding about her unique
nervous system and its complex and delicate interplay with her life.
Anxiety

Freud originally thought anxiety was a result of an accumulation of psychic energy a sort of stoppage
of sexual or aggressive drives, bottled up by repression. He later refined his concept to thinking of
anxiety as a warning signal of a threatening catastrophe brought on by a conflict of forces in the
individual’s mind.

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