Page 268 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_ENGLISH

Guidance and counseling

Notes • the importance of not only understanding the problem but also the necessity of a solution.
• Environmental psychologists have theorized that density and crowding can also have an adverse
effect on mood and may cause stress-related illness.
• factors that reduce feelings of crowding within buildings include :
• Window - particularly ones that can be opened and ones that provide a view as well as
light
• High ceilings

• Doors to divide spaces (Baum and Davies) and provide access control
• Room shape - square rooms feel less crowded than rectangular ones (Dresor)
• Having an area of personal territory in a public, space, e.g,. at the office, is a key feature of
many architectural designs.
• The systems oriented approach to experimenting is applied to individuals or people that are a
part of communities, groups, and organizations. This approach particularly examines group
interaction, as opposed to an individual’s interaction and it emphasizes on factors of social are
easy to recognize, while others are not.
• Leanne Rivlin theorized that one way to examine an individual’s environmental consciousness
is to recognize how the physical place is significant, and look at the people/place relationship.
• Environmental cognition (involved in human cognition) plays a crucial role in environmental
perception.
• The earliest noteworthy discoveries in the field of environmental psychology can be dated
back to Roger Barker who created the field of ecological psychology.
• Environmental psychologists rejected the laboratory-experimental paradigm because it of its
simplification and skewed view of the cause-and-effect relationships of human’s behaviors
and experiences.
• The field saw significant research findings and a fair surge of interest in the late 1970s and
early 1980s, but has seen challenges of nomenclature, obtaining objective and repeatable results,
scope and the fact that some research rests on underlying assumptions about human perception,
which is not fully understood. Being an interdisciplinary field is difficult because it lacks a
solid definition and purpose. It is hard for the field to fit into organizational structures.

24.9 Keywords

Environemental : Connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants
live.
Interdisciplinary : Involving different areas of knowledge and study
Influence : the effect that somebody/something has one the way a persons thinks or
behaves.

24.10 Review Questions

1. Explain the environmental approach of psychotherapy.
2. What are the characteristics of Environmental approach ?
3. Explain the term Behaviour settings.
4. Give the applications of environmental psychology.
5. What are the challenges against Environmental psychology ?

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