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Guidance and counseling

Notes 1. Linguistic Intelligence : The capacity to use language fluently and flexibly, to express one’s
thinking and understanding others. Used in reading a book, writing a paper, a novel or a
poem; and understanding spoken words. Poets and writers exhibit this ability.
2. Logical Mathematical Intelligence : Thinking logically, critically, using abstract reasoning to
manipulate symbols and solve mathematical problems.
3. Spatial Intelligence : Abilities involved in forming, using and transforming mental images.
Used in getting from one place to another, in reading a map, and is packing suitcase in the
trunk of a car so that they all fit into a compact space. Pilots, sailors, interior decorators,
surgeons, fashion designers generally exhibit this ability.
4. Musical Intelligence : Capacity to produce, create and manipulate musical patterns. Used in
singing a song, composing a sonata, playing a trumpet or even appreciating the structure of
a piece of music.
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence : Ability to use one’s body and muscle structure in a coordinated
planned way. Used in dancing, playing basket ball, running a mile or throwing a javeline.
Athletes, dancers, actors, gymnasts, sports person, surgeon exhibit this more than others.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence : Used in relating to other people, such as when we try to understand
another person’s behaviour, motives or emotions, counselors, psychologists, politicians, social
workers, religious leaders are shown to be high on this ability.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence : Knowledge of one’s internal strengths and limitations and using
that knowledge to relate to others.
8. Naturalistic Intelligence : Complete awareness to our relationship with the natural world,
useful in recognizing the beauty of different species of flora and fauna and making a distinction
in the natural world.
9. Existential Intelligence : Can be defined as the ability to be sensitive to, or have the capacity
for, conceptualizing or tackling deeper or larger questions about human existence, such as the
meaning of life, why are we born, why do you die, what is consciousness or how did we get
here.
The multiple intelligence approach focuses on ways in which people can be intelligent.

Achievement and aptitude scores to help individuals make educational and career choices.

26.1.2 Aptitude Tests

Aptitude is thought of as a natural tendency, special ability, or capacity or cluster of abilities. Often
these natural abilities are looked at in relationship to a person’s readiness to learn or their suitability
for particular career. For example, in order to be successful architect, one must possess the cluster of
abilities such as a keen sense of observation, a sense of aesthetic visual memory, abstract reasoning,
and an ability to sketch free hand. So, aptitude may be defined as a trait that characterizes an
individual’s ability to perform in an area or to acquire the learning necessary for performance in a
given area. It presumes an inherent or native ability that can be developed to its maximum through
learning or other experiences. However, it can not be expanded beyond a certain point, even by
learning. Although that may be a debatable concept, it is stated here as a basis on which aptitude
tests are developed. In theory, then, an aptitude test measures the potential of one to achieve in a
given activity or to learn to achieve in that activity.
Aptitude tests may potentially be used by counselors and others because.
• They may identify potential abilities of which the individual is not aware;

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