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Educational Measurement and Evaluation



                   Notes          ‘Tests can be and should be, among the most useful instructional tools for planning new learning
                                  activities and for monitoring student’s progress in attaining the learning goals presented to them.
                                  Tests can be used to provide recognition and rewards for success in learning and teaching. They can
                                  be used to motivate and direct effort to learn. In short, they can be used to contribute substantially
                                  to effective instruction.”

                                  1.2.3 Classification of Tests
                                  Tests have been classified in a number of ways. Some of these even overlap. Here we are stating
                                  only one classification which seems to be quite comprehensive.
                                  Tests vary according to form, use and type etc. Yoak and Simpson give the following classification
                                  of tests :
                                  Form
                                  (a) Oral examinations (b) Written examination

                                  Purposes
                                  (a) Prognostic. (b) Diagnostic. (c) Power. (d) Speed. (e) Accuracy (f) Quality. (g) Range.

                                  Organisation
                                  (a) Essay. (b) Objective.
                                  Period or Time of Administering
                                  (a) Daily (b) Weekly (c) Monthly (d) Term. (e) Year.
                                  Duration
                                  (a) Short. (b) Long.
                                  Method of Scoring and Interpreting Results
                                  (a) Non-standardized. (b) Standardized.

                                  Abilities Involved
                                  (a) Speed. (b) Comprehension. (c) Organization. (d) Judgement. (e) Retention. (f) Appreciation etc.
                                  Nature of Material Included
                                  (a) Arithmetic. (b) Language. (c) Reading. (d) Spelling. (e) Writing etc.
                                  Mental Functions Involved
                                  (a) Association. (b) Memory. (c) Recall. (d) Recognition. (e) Problem-solving.
                                  Types of Response Involved
                                  (a)  Alternate response : (1) True - False (2) Yes - No (3) Plus -  Minus.
                                  (b)  Multiple response : (1) Best Answer. (2) Correct Answer.
                                  (c)  Completion.
                                  (d)  Matching.
                                  (e)  Identification
                                  (f)  Enumeration.
                                  (g)  Eassy.

                                  1.3 Issues of Educational Testing

                                  The traditional question paper is associated with the essay type questions. Testing of this type
                                  suffers from the following limitations :
                                  (i)  It consists of a very limited number of questions from 6 to 10 questions.



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