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Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes • The test should cover the whole syllabus.
• Validity
• A said to be valid if it measures what it intends to measure.
• There are different types of validity :
• Operational validity
• Predictive validity
• Content validity
• Construct validity
• Reliability
• Reliability of a test refers to the degree of consistency with which it measures what it indented
to measure.
• A test may be reliable but need not be valid. This is because it may yield consistent scores, but
these scores need not be representing what exactly we warn xo measurer.
• Different method for determining Reliability
• Test-retest method
• Split-half method
• Parallel form method
• Discriminating Power
• Practicability
• Comparability
• Utility
• Basic source of all questions is the syllabus prescribed (curriculum, content). However, a question
can also be set independent of a syllabus. But every question as its roots in some content area
of achievement. One has to think whether that question has to be used for instructional purpose
or for evaluation purpose.
(i) Question Should be Objective Centred
(ii) It Must be Context and Purpose Specific
(iii) It Must Ensure Adequate Coverage of Specified Content
(iv) It Should Evoke Intended Response
(v) It Should Generate Responses at Acceptable Level of Performance
(vi) A Question Should Ensure Congruence between Process and Product Responses
(vii) It Must be Worded in Proper Language
(viii) It Must Yield Appropriate Indices of Difficulty (Facility Level) and of Discrimination
(ix) Every Question Should be Time and Cost Effective
(x) It Should Ensure Maximum Scoring Objectivity
• Genotypic Varieties of a question
• The hidden or constitutional make-up of every question has three major dimensions, viz (a)
the assessment objectives, (b) the content elements, and (c) the form of questions that forms the
basis of written questions. For illustration of common usable type the nature and scope of each
of these dimensions, is specified first.
1. Commonly used assessment objectives are : (i) Knowledge (K), (ii) Understanding or
comprehension (U) and (iii) Application (A).

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