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ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
        ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
        ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
        ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
        ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
                   È؇           fi; ft~u fJ; T[Zs/ I'o fd~sk iKdk j?L (i) gqhfynk gkmeqw dhnK ftfGzB fJekJhnK iK ftfPnK T[Zs/l (ii)
                                 w[~bKeD T[d/P (K-U-A etc.) ns/ (iii) gqPBK d/ o{g. fJj nfXwkB fvIkJhB ft~u fd~s/ nfXwkB Bkb
                                 nB[gkbD ft~u ;ysh Bkb gqshfpzfps j[zd/ jB. e[M b'e d' nk:kwh frqv ftef;s eod/ jB fijVk
                                 ftfGzB T[d/PK dk gohyD eoD bJh gkmeqw dhnK ftfGzB fJekJhnK d/ nB[;ko gqPBK dh tzv Bz{
                                 do;kUAdk j?. i/eo pb{w d/ torheoD dk gkbD ehsk ikt/, sK ;ko/ S/ T[d/P frnkB, ;wM, nB[gq:'r,
                                 ftPb/PD, ;zPb/PD ns/ w[~bKeD Bz{ gfonkgs nfXwkB fd~sk ikDk ukjhdk j?. gqzs{ Gkos d/ ;zdoG
                                 ft~u, NCERT d/ dPeK d/ ft~u ezw ns/ nfXn?B s'A, frnkB, ;wM ns/ nB[gq:'r dk fszB nk:kwh
                                 torheoD wPj{o j' frnk j? ns/ ;e{bh ;so ns/ p'ov ;so dhnK gqhfynktK ft~u ekoikswe j' frnk
                                 j?. jK, wB'ftfrnkfBe e[Pbsk dk u"Ek T[d/P (w[~y o{g Bkb vqkfJzr) th ;kv/ fbfys gqhfynktK ft~u
                                 gohyD :'r j?, id'A fe frnkB, ;wM ns/ fbfys nfGftnesh GkPk ftfPnK ft~u pkeh fszB T[d/P
                                 pDkUAd/ jB.

                                 i/eo fJ~e ykek fXnkB Bkb fsnko ehsk ikt/, fJj pDkJ/ ikD tkb/ gqPB g~so dh g{oh iBw g~soh
                                 fJ; d/ ;ko/ g/u do;kUAd/ j'J/ y'b fdzdk j?. fJ~e ykek fsnko eoBk ns/ fvIkJhB Bz{ ekoikswe o{g
                                 d/Dk fJ~e seBheh ekoi jh BjhA j? pbfe fJj fJ~e e[Pbsk j? fi; ft~u f;~fynk e"Pb ns/ ftP/ d/
                                 nfXnkgB ft~u rfjoh nzsofdqPNh dh Io{os j[zdh j?. g/go ;?No Bz{ ;w~roh s~sK dh gqfeqsh ns/ gd
                                 nB[eqw dk ns/ jo fJekJh d/ fJ~fSs ft~fdnk BshfinK dk fJ~e ;gPN BIohnk j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK
                                 fe Uj jo fJekJh d/ Pkfwb ehs/ ikD tkb/ gqPBK dh gqfeqsh ns/ fe;w pko/ ns/ ;zpzfXs w[~bKeD
                                 d/ T[d/PK pko/ fBoDk eo ;e/.




                                    eh s[;hA ikDd/ j'  ;w~roh fJekJhnK, w[~bKeD T[d/PK ns/ gqPBK d/ o{gK d/ nfXwkB gqshfpzfps
                                                   eoD s'A fJbktk, fJ~e ykek ftebgK dh :'iBk ns/ torK dh gqfeqsh iK g/go
                                                   d/ GkrK Bz{ th gqshfpzfps eo ;edk j?.


                                 8H2H2 ftek; dh seBhe
                                 8H2H2 ftek; dh seBhe
                                 8H2H2 ftek; dh seBhe
                                 8H2H2 ftek; dh seBhe
                                 8H2H2 ftek; dh seBhe
                                 wzB bU S/thA iwks dk EVS dk fJ~e gqPB g~so 8 fJekJhnK ft~u'A ns/ 4 w[~bKeD T[d/PK tkbk 3 xzN/ d/
                                 ;w/A dk, 100 nzeK dk j't/rk ns/ fJ; ft~u 4 soK d/ gqPB gq:'r ehs/ ikDr/  (ETQ, SAQ, VSQ ns/
                                 OTQ). fJ; dk ykek ;koDh d/ nB[;ko fsnko ehsk frnk j?. yke/ ft~u fd~s/ rJ/ nzro/ih d/ S'N/ n~yo
                                 a, b, c, ...j yke/ dk fj~;k BjhA jB gqzs{ fJj nfXnkgeK d/ wkordoPB bJh fd~s/ rJ/ jB sK fe j/mK fd~s/
                                 rJ/ eqwp~X fdPk fBod/PK dk gkbD ehsk ikt/.
                                 fJ; ;koDh ft~u, ‘a’ fJ~e uzrk ykek fsnko eoD bJh gfjbk uoD do;kUAdk j? (fd~s/ rJ/ fvIkJhB d/
                                 nkXko s/), fco ‘b’, d{ik uoDl  ‘c’, shik uoD ns/ fJ;/ soK j'o th.

                                 8H2H3 fJ~e ykek ftef;s eoD ft~u Pkfwb uoD
                                 8H2H3 fJ~e ykek ftef;s eoD ft~u Pkfwb uoD
                                 8H2H3 fJ~e ykek ftef;s eoD ft~u Pkfwb uoD
                                 8H2H3 fJ~e ykek ftef;s eoD ft~u Pkfwb uoD
                                 8H2H3 fJ~e ykek ftef;s eoD ft~u Pkfwb uoD
                                 (e) e[b nzeK (100) Bz{ j/mb/ ;~i/ j~E d/ e'B/ d/ v~p/ ft~u gkU.
                                 (y) ftfGzB T[d/PK (40^30^20^10) Bz{ fvIkJhB d/ nB[;ko ekbw tko nze fdU.
                                 (r) jo fJekJh Bz{ gzesh tko (4, 12, 8,20, 12, 24, 10,10) nze fdU.
                                 (x) nzdo{Bh ftebg d/ Bkb fi~E/ T[g:[es j't/, ETQ doi

                                        ⎛  (    )U-2Kn ⎞  ⎛  (  )U-4-Un ⎞  ⎛  U-6Kn ⎞
                                     eo' ⎜       ⎟     ⎜         ⎟    ⎜      ⎟
                                        ⎝   10   ⎠     ⎝  (  +  )82  ⎠  ⎝  10  ⎠

                                 (R) e[Pbsk gohyD (U-4  ETQ-2 d/ fjZ;/ d/ nze), U-5 (4 nze,) ns/ U-8 (4 nze) eoD tkb/ gqPB doi eo'




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