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ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
È؇ mhe ;wM/, T[; soK ftukoK Bz{ u[DB, ftt;fEs eoD, fJ~eo{g eoD ns/ nfGftnes eoD bJh nkIkd
j[zdk j?.
id'A gohyD dk T[d/P fe;/ ftP/ iK fJekJh d/ g{o/ frnkB dh iKu eoBk j't/ ns/ ftPk ;w~roh dh ;G
s'A tXhnk g/PeP dh gqPz;k j'Dh j't/ sK ft;skfos gqshfeqnk gqPBK dh fJj fe;w bkG b?D bJh ;G s'A
tXhnk j?. gqzs{ i/eo f;~fynk BshfinK d/ wkg dk T[d/P ftnkfynk, nzefVnK dk nB[gq:'r iK Bshi/ j'D,
sK gqshpzfXs gqshfeqnk fe;w Bz{ gfjb d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ gqPBK Bz{ nfij/ gqPBk ft~u
gq:'r j[zd/ fBod/Pe PpdK d/ nkXko s/ th torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?. thvw?B (1941) B/ nfij/ N?;NK
Bz{ 11 fe;wK d/ gqPBK ft~u tzfvnk j? fijV/ ;ob s'A ;G s'A nfXe w[Pfeb s~e iKd/ jB ns/ fiBK ft~u
nfij/ fBod/Pe Ppd gq:'r j[zd/ jB fit/A (i) eh, ed'A, e"D, fejVk, fe~E/l (ii) ;{uh pDkUl (iii) o/yKfes
eo'l (iv) toDB eo'l (v) s[bBk eo'l (vi) s[bBk eo'l (vii) toDB eo'l (viii) uouk eo'l (ix) ftef;s
eo'l (x) ;zy/g eo'l (xi) w[~bKeD eo'. fJ;/ soK, w'Bo' ns/ ekoNo B/ fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ gqPBK Bz{ 21
torK ft~u tzfvnk j?, fijV/ u'Dkswe :kd ... s'A ekoD ...... s~e ns/ gqGkt ...... s'A f;XKsK d/ nB[gq:'r
...... nkb'uBk ...... BthA gqfeqnk s'A nB[wkfBe ;'u s~e.

30H3
30H3 fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ N?;N pDkUD d/ f;XKs fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ N?;N pDkUD d/ f;XKs
30H3 fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ N?;N pDkUD d/ f;XKs (( (( (Principles of
fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ N?;N pDkUD d/ f;XKs
30H3 fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ N?;N pDkUD d/ f;XKs
30H3
Constructing Essay Type Test)) )) )
nkw ;ze/s
nkw ;ze/s
nkw ;ze/s
nkw ;ze/s
nkw ;ze/s
(i) fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ gqPB T[ZE/ gq:'r eo' fi~E/ Io{oh jB, fi~E/ Io{oh BjhA sK fJBK d/ gq:'r s'A pu'.
(ii) ft;skfos gqshfeqnk fe;w dh EK gqshpzfXs gqshfeqnk fe;w d/ gqPBK Bz{ nfXe Pkfwb eo e/ gqPBK dh
;zfynk tXkU.
(iii) fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ gqPBK ft~u ;[szso ftebgK d/D s'A pu' (9 ft~u'A 6) sK fe u'Dkswe nfXnkgB ns/
f;~fynk Bz{ fBoT[s;kfjs ehsk ik ;e/ ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh p/jso s[bBk fBPfus ehsh ik ;e/.
(iv) i/eo fJ~e gqPB g~so ft~u e/tb fBpzXkswe fe;w d/ gqPB jh Pkfwb j'D sK efmBkJh ;so dh ftnkge
o/Ai fBPfus eo', sK fe BkbkfJe, n";s ns/ j[fPnko ftfdnkoEhnK bJh fBwB ;so, w~X ;so ns/
T[Zu ;so d/ gqPB gq:'r ehs/ ikD.
(v) fBoXkfos ;w/A dh Io{os nB[;ko gqPB pDkU.
(vi) gqhfynkoEhnK Bz{ ;wkB NhfunK bJh ;wkB o/yk T[Zs/ gqPB j~b eoD :'r pDkUD bJh ;gPN fBod/P fdU.

ftP/P fBod/P
ftP/P fBod/P
ftP/P fBod/P
ftP/P fBod/P
ftP/P fBod/P
(i) ftP/P nkebD T[d/PK Bz{ nkgD/ gqPB dk nkXko pDkU.
(ii) nkebD T[d/PK Bkb gq;zfre gkmeqw d/ fJ~e iK nfXe ;w~roh y/soK s'A ;w~roh ;w{j u[D'.
(iii) gfofus ns/ T[g:[es fdPk fBod/P Ppd u[D' fijV/ fJ~fSs gqshfeqnk d/D ns/ wkBf;e gqfeqnk dk
nfGnk; eokUD (;{uh pDkU, toDB eo', s[bBk, n"fus, w[~bKeD nkfd). nfij/ fdPk fBod/P
PpdK fit/A ‘s[;hA eh ikDd/ j'’, ‘S'N/ B'N fby'’, ‘dk b/yk i'yk fdU’ nkfd s'A pu'.
(iv) gqPB Bz{ fJ; soK pDkU fe gqshfeqnk d/ y/so ;hfws ehsk ikt/ ns/ gqPB ft~u ;jh PpdK Bkb fJ~fSs
gqshfeqnk dk dkfJok gfo;hfws eo'.

(v) ;ob, ;Nhe ns/ ;gPN GkPk dk gq:'r eo e/ noE efmBkJhnK s'A pu'.
(vi) gqPB ft~u nfij/ ekoi fdU sK fe ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ e/tb s~Ekswe jh BjhA, nkgD/ frnkB dh ;jh
BpI gfjukDB dk w"ek fwb/.

(vii) fiBK gqPBK d/ fJ~e s'A nfXe Gkr j'D UBK d/ GkrK d/ nze ngPN s"o s/ fdykU fit/A nze[oD dh
gfoGkPk fdU. nze[oD bJh Io{oh ;fEshnK eh jB< fJ~e gq:'r dh T[dkjoD dh wdd Bkb ;gPN
eo'. (2 + 3 + 5) .

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