Page 114 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV 10-3 lkjka'k (Summary)
vkt fdlh turkaf=kd ns'k dk fodkl ogk¡ osQ f'k{kdksa osQ Lrj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Hkkjr dh f'k{kk
dk bfrgkl vfèkd izkphu gSA ijarq vè;kid f'k{kk dk fodkl vusd voLFkkvksa dks ikj dj pqdk
gSA Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ bl {ks=k esa vfèkd fodkl gqvk gSA vusd vk;ksx rFkk lfefr;ka xfBr dh
xb±A mUgksaus vè;kid f'k{kk esas lqèkkj gsrq Bksl lq>ko Hkh fn,A loZizFke izkFkfed Lrj osQ vè;kidksa
osQ izf'k{k.k gsrq lu~ 1802 esa lhjkeiqj esa izf'k{k.k laLFkku [kksyk x;kA efgykvksa osQ izf'k{k.k osQ
fy, dydÙkk esa 1823 bZ- esa izf'k{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk gqbZA lu~ 1947 ls iwoZ rhu izdkj dh
izf'k{k.k laLFkk,¡ (i) ukWeZy LowQyμ izkFkfed vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k gsrq (ii) vè;kid izf'k{k.k fo|ky;]
fefMy LowQy vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k gsrq rFkk (iii) izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; gkbZ LowQy osQ vè;kidksa osQ
izf'k{k.k gsrq FksA
csfld f'k{kk us vè;kidksa dh Hkwfedk rFkk f'k{k.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;kA jk‘ªh; vè;kid f'k{kk
ifj"kn~ dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1973 esa dh xbZA osQUnz ljdkj rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa dh Hkwfedk dks Li‘ fd;k
x;kA bl izdkj vè;kid f'k{kk osQ lkèkuksa dk foHkktu izeq[k :i ls nks Lrjksa esa fd;k x;kμ
1- jkT; Lrjh; vfHkdj.k_ 2- jkT; Lrjh; vfHkdj.kA
ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkkuμizR;sd jkT; us bl laLFkku dh LFkkiuk ,d dk;Zcy osQ :i
esa dh gS] ftlls orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa egÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu gqvk gSA
;g laLFkku jkT; f'k{kk ifj"kn~ osQ varxrZ gh viuk dk;Z djrh gS vkSj ifj"kn~ osQ fofHkUu foHkkxksa
ls vuqns'ku lkexzh izkIr djosQ mudk mi;ksx Hkh djrh gSA vè;kidksa dk vius 'kSf{kd dk;ks±
dks djus osQ fy, c<+kok nsrh gSA
jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqlaèkku rFkk izf'k{k.k ifj"knμ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- rFkk vè;kid f'k{kk funs'kky; 15
tuojh] 1990 esa vfLrRo esa vk,A 1964 esa ;g jkT; 'kSf{kd laLFkku ds :i esa tkuk tkrk FkkA
,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dk izk:iμ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ds izeq[k foHkkx rFkk bdkbZ;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaA
(i) ikB~;Øe fodkl dk foHkkx_

(ii) vè;kid f'k{kk rFkk lsokjr f'k{kk foHkkx_
(iii) f'k{kk vuqlaèkku foHkkx_
(iv) foKku rFkk xf.kr f'k{kk foHkkx_
(v) f'k{kk rduhdh foHkkx_
(vi) ewY;kadu rFkk ijh{kk lqèkkj foHkkx_
(vii) tula[;k f'k{kk foHkkx_

(viii) izkjafHkd fo|ky; rFkk izkjafHkd f'k{kk foHkkx_
(ix) izkS<+ f'k{kk rFkk detksj oxZ f'k{kk foHkkx_
(x) foLr`r lsok rFkk fo|ky; izcaèku foHkkx_
(xi) izdk'ku bdkbZ_
(xii) iqLrdky; bdkbZ rFkk
(xiii) iz'kkldh; bdkbZA
,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- f'k{kk foHkkx dk 'kS{kf.kd vax gSA tks fo|ky; f'k{kk rFkk vè;kid f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk
lqèkkj ds fy, iz;kljr jgrk gSA

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