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bdkbZ—12% f'k{kd vkSj f'k{kd çf'{kdksa ds fy, p;u ekunaM
• f'k{kk ds vf/dkj vf/fu;e dks ikfjr djus ds lkFk f'k{kd ik=krk ijh{kk (Vh-bZ-Vh) esa ;ksX;rk izkIr djuk uksV
vc lHkh ekStwnk vkSj egRokdka{kh ns'k esa çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed Ldwy ds f'k{kdksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA
• f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa ,d fMxzh (ch-,M- ;k Mh-,M) gS ;k ijh{kk ysus ds o~"kZ esa fMxzh dks iwjk djus ds dxkj
ij gks og lh-Vh-bZ-Vh ;k fdlh vU; Vh-bZ-Vh jkT;ksa }kjk vk;ksftr ysus ds fy, ;ksX; gSA f'k{kdksa dks 5 o"kZ
dh vof/ ds Hkhrj Vh-bZ-Vh ysus dh vko';drk gksxh tks Vh-bZ-Vh ds le; ls igys vf/lwfpr fd;k gSA
12-7 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• fçafliyμ f'k{kk esa ih,p-Mh- vkSj nl lky dk vè;kiu vuqHko ftuesa ls de ls de ikap lky
dk ,d ekè;fed f'k{kd f'k{kk laLFkk esa vè;kiu vuqHko gksA
• çksiQslj@ç/kuμ ,d dyk @ ekufodh @ foKku @ okf.kT; esa ,d ekLVj dh fMxzh vkSj ,e- ,M -55»
U;wure vad ds lkFk]f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa ih,pMh] vkSj fo'ofo|ky; ds f'k{kk foHkkx ;k f'k{kk ds dkWyst esa
de ls de nl lky dk vè;kiu dk vuqHko
,d ,e-, (f'k{kk) vkSj ch-,M- 55» U;wure vad ds lkFk
• lgk;d çksiQsljμ ,d ekufodh @ foKku @ okf.kT; esa ,d ekLVj dh fMxzh vkSj ,e- ,M -55» U;wure
vad ds lkFk ;k
,d ,e-, (f'k{kk) vkSj ch-,M- 55» U;wure vad ds lkFk
12-8 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- çkFkfed f'k{kdksa ds fy, p;u ekunaM ds ckjs esa crk,aA
2- çf'kf{kr Lukrd f'k{kd D;k gS\
3- ch,M dkWyst esa ,d O;k[;krk ds fy, ik=krk D;k ekunaM gS\
4- f'k{kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky; ds çksiQslj ds fy, D;k vuqHko vko';d gS\
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. ulZjh çf'k{k.k çek.k i=k@fMIyksek ;k fMxzh 2. ch-,M
3. f'k{kd ik=krk ijh{kk (Vh-bZ-Vh) 4. 55»
5. çksiQslj@foHkkxkè;{k@ikBd 6. 55»] 50»
12-9 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1. lekos'kh f'k{kk% vè;;u vkSj f'k{k.k% lqtku bZ- mrkjk-ike LpqDV~t] ykWjsal vyZcke ,lksfl,V~lA
2. vè;kid f'k{kk esa eqís vkSj leL;k,a% cuZkMsV jkWfcUluA
3. vè;kid f'k{kk% vkFkZj ,e-dksgsu]Ýyksjssu ch-czosj]ike LpqDV~t]ykWjsal vyZcke ,lksfl,V~lA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 123
