Page 96 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

fof'k"V f'k{kk

uksV ckj&ckj iwNrk gS fd] ¶vkius D;k dgk¸A vxj vki ckj&ckj ,slk eglwl djrs gSa rks mldh vksj è;ku nsuk
cgqr t:jh gSA
vxj ,sls laosQr cPps esa ekStwn gSa] rc cPps dh rjiQ Hkyh&Hkk¡fr è;ku] nhft;s] gks ldrk gS fd cPps dks Jo.knks"k
gksA cPps dh Jo.k'kfDr dks Jo.knks"k fo'ks"kK dh enn ls tk¡p djok,¡ vkSj mudh lykg osQ vuqlkj cPps dh
lgk;rk djsaA

ok;ys us NksVs ckydksa osQ fy, ,d ekiuh fodflr dh] ftldha lgk;rk ls Jo.k
ckfèkr ckydksa dh igpku dj leL;k dk funku dj fn;k tkrk gSA

11-2 ok.kh ,oa Jo.k ckfèkrk osQ dkj.k (Causes of Speech and Hearning
Impaired)

11-2-1 ok.kh ckfèkr osQ dkj.k (Etiology or Causes of Speech Impaired Children)
ok.kh ckfèkr ckydksa dk ,d dkj.k ugh gksrk vfirq vusd dkj.k gksrs gSa tSlsµoa'kkuqozQe] ukM+h laLFkku dk nks"k]
'kkjhfjd vlkekU;rk] ok.kh ;U=kksa dk nks"k vkSj nsjh ls fodkl gksuk] lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj lkekftd okrkoj.k dk izHkko
gksrk gS fof'k"V dkj.kksa dk mYys[k budh fo'ks"krkvksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
ok.kh ckfèkr ckydksa osQ eq[; dkj.k bl izdkj gSaµ
(1) tSfod dkj.k ;k vaxksa osQ nks"k osQ dkj.k (Organic Causes)

(2) O;kogkfjd rFkk dk;Z dkj.k (Functional Causes)
(3) eukstSfod dkj.k (Psychorgenic Causes)
(4) euksoSKkfud dkj.k (Psychological Causes)
(5) lquus dh {kerk osQ âkl osQ dkj.k (Loss of Hearning)

(6) lkekftd okrkoj.k dk izHkko (Social Influence) rFkk
(7) ekufld vk?kkr osQ dkj.k ;k ekufld vk?kkr (Cerebral Palsy)
(1) tSfod dkj.k (Organic Causes)µ tSfod nks"k dbZ izdkj osQ gksrs gSa tks ok.kh nks"k mRiUu djrs gSaµrkyq
esa vlkekU;rk] nk¡rksa esa vfu;ferk dk nks"k] iQkfyt iM+uk thHk esa vlkekU;rk dk gksukA blosQ vfrfjDr
tcM+ksa rFkk gksBksa esa vlkekU;rk dk gksukA Loj lacUèkh vaxkas esa nks"k gksus ls cksyus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA
(2) O;ogkfjd ;k dk;Z djus osQ nks"k dk dkj.k (Functional Causes)µ oqQN ckydksa dks ok.kh vaxksa
esa dksbZ nks"k ugha gksrk ijUrq cksyus rFkk Loj esa nks"k gksrk gSA ;g nks"k vius cM+ksa osQ rFkk lkfFk;ksa osQ vuqdj.k
ls vk tkrk gSA ;g lR; gS fd ge cksyuk lqudj rFkk vuqdj.k djosQ gh lh[krs gSaA vr% ekrk&firk
rFkk f'k{kdksa dks 'kCnksa dk lgh mPpkj.k djuk pkfg,A
(3) eukstSfod dkj.k (Psychorgenic Causes)µ 'kksèk vè;;uksa }kjk ;g fu"d"kZ izkIr gq, fd ok.kh ckfèkrk
dk dkj.k eukstSfod Hkh gksrk gSA tc ok.kh nks"k dk dkj.k tSfod rFkk O;kogkfjd ekrk&firk ?kj osQ
okrkoj.k osQ dkj.k ok.kh ckf/r gksrs gSaA ?kj osQ vUnj cksyus dh Hkk"kk 'kq¼ ugha gksrh rFkk mPpkj.k v'kq¼
gksrk gSA ckyd blh izdkj dh Hkk"kk cksyus dk vuqdj.k dj ysrk gSA ;g nks"k vlek;kstu osQ dkj.k Hkh
vk tkrk gSA ekrk&firk osQ vokafNr O;ogkj Hkh ok.kh nks"k osQ dkj.k gksrs gSaA ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa dks 'kCnksa
dk lgh mPpkj.k djuk pkfg,A

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