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Unit 22: Morphological Analysis (Identification of Morphemes and Allomorph)

africain “African” Africaniste “Africanist” Notes

humain “human” humanitJ “humanity”

similaire “similar” similaritJ
“ similarity”
a. Formulate the rule that accounts for these vowel alternations.
b. Is this rule an automatic phonological rule or a morphophonological rule?
3. In the following past tense forms of English verbs, the past tense suffix has three different
phonetic shapes: kept, walked, kissed, hugged, lived, added, fitted, coded.
a. Which are the three phonetic forms of this suffix?
b. Formulate the rules (or rule) that account for this phonetic variation.
4. Make a morphological analysis of the following words of the Amerindian language Cree, and
give the interlinear morphemic glossing of the last word (Cowan and Rak anuš 1985: 111):
niwa:pahte : n “I see (it)”
kiwa:pahte : n “you see (it)”
niwa:pahte:na : n “we see (it)”
kiwa:pahte:na:wa : w “you (plural) see (it)”
nima:…iÓe : n “I cut (it)”
kima:…iÓe : n “you cut (it)”
nima:…iÓe:na : n “we cut (it)”
kima:…iÓe:wa : w “you (plural) cut (it)”
nitapin “l sit”
kitapin “you sit”
nitapina:n “we sit”
kitapina:wa:w “you (plural) sit”
Answers: Self-Assessment

1. (i) belligerent, antebellum, bellicose, rebel
(ii) benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction, beneficiary, benefit
(iii) bicycle, bifocals, biceps, billion, binary, bivalve, bimonthly, bigamy, bimetal, biathlete,
bicarbonate
(iv) biology, biography, biodiversity, bioavailability, bioflavonoid, biofuel, biohazard, biomass,
biorhythm
22.7 Further Readings

1. Verma, S.K., V.N. Krishnaswamy. Modern Linguistics: An Introduction.
2. An Introduction to Linguistics, John Lyon.
3. Peter Roach: English phonetics and phonology. Cambridge University Press.
4. Encyclopedia of Linguistic Science Edited By V. Prakasam, Allied Pub.,
New Delhi.

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