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CONTENTS






          Unit 1:   Introduction to Linguistics: Its Aspects                                                  1
                    Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 2:   Linguistics: Branches and Tools                                                          13
                   Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 3:   Brief History of the Growth of Modern Linguistics: Bloomfield to Chomsky                 24
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 4:   Phonetics: Speech Mechanisms-Places and Manners of Articulation                          43
                    Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 5:   Classification of Speech Sounds: Vowels, Consonants-General Introduction                 51

                    Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 6:   Consonants and its Phonetic Transcription                                                74
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 7:   Vowels and Its Phonetic Transcription                                                    83
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 8:   Diphthongs and its Phonetics Transcription                                               94
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 9:    Clusters and Syllables                                                                 103
                   Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 10:      Phonemes: Detailed Study                                                            118
                   Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 11:    Allophones–Allophonic Variation in English Speech:
                    Difference between Monopthong and Diphthong Glides                                      146

                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 12:  Transcription of English Speech Sounds: From Words to Sentences, Syllables:
                      Monosyllabic, Bi-syllabic and Stress in English                                       161
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 13:    Branches in Linguistics: Socio-Linguistics                                            177
                   Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 14:  Branches in Linguistics: Psycho-Linguistics                                             188

                    Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University
          Unit 15:      Branches in Linguistics: Educational Linguistics                                    194
                    Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University

          Unit 16:    Varieties of English Cardinal Vowel System                                                                           206
                    Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University
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