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uksV
bdkbZμ25 % fganh fuca/ dk fodkl ,oa izeq[k fuca/dkj
vuqØef.kdk (Contents)
mís'; (Objectives)
izLrkouk (Introduction)
25-1 fganh fuca/ dk fodkl
25-1-1 fganh fuca/ksa osQ izdkj
25-1-2 fganh osQ izeq[k fuca/dkj
25-2 lkjka'k (Summary)
25-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
25-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
25-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
mís'; (Objectives)
bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
● fganh fuca/ksa dk fodkl tkuus esaA
● fganh fuca/ksa osQ izdkj le>us esaA
● fganh osQ izeq[k fuca/dkjksa dks tkuus esaA
izLrkouk (Introduction)
fganh fuca/ksa dh fodkl ;k=kk rFkk fganh dh vU; x|&foèkkvksa dk fodkl Hkkjrsanq ;qx ls izkjaHk gqvkA Hkkjrsanq
;qx osQ fuca/dkjksa us lk/kj.k&ls&lk/kj.k vkSj xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ij jpuk dhA jktuhfrd ,oa lkekftd
xfrfofèk;ksa ij LoPNan :i ls fopkj O;Dr djrs gq, Hkkjrsanq us fganh fuca/ dks fodkl iFk ij vxzzlj fd;kA
bl dky esa Hkkjrh; lekt esa ,d ubZ psruk dk fodkl gks jgk FkkA i<+s&fy[ks yksx vius fopkjksa dks
LoPNanrkiwoZd ,d futhiu fy, gq, Lora=k :i esa O;Dr djus yxs FksA bl le; rd fganh dh vusd
i=k&if=kdk,a izdkf'kr gksus yxh FkhaA bu lekpkj i=kksa ,oa if=kdkvksa esa fofo/ fo"k;ksa ij tks fopkj O;Dr
fd, tkrs Fks] mUgsa fganh fuca/ dk izkjafHkd :i dgk tk ldrk gSA
25-1 ¯gnh fucaèk dk fodkl
Hkkjrsanq ;qx rd ¯gnh dh vusd i=k&if=kdk,¡ izdkf'kr gksus yxh Fkha] ftuesa mnar ekrZ.M] czkã.k] iznhi]
cukjl v[kckj] lkj&lqèkkfufèk] vkfn egÙoiw.kZ FkhaA bu lekpkji=kksa ,oa if=kdkvksa esa fofoèk fo"k;ksa ij
tks fopkj O;Dr fd, tkrs Fks] mUgsa ¯gnh fucaèk dk izkjafHkd :i dgk tk ldrk gSA fucaèk bu i=k&if=kdkvksa
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