Page 56 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV rFkkfi fganh osQ ijorhZ lkfgR; dks vusd :iksa esa bl lkfgR; us izHkkfor fd;k gSA uohu lkekftd psruk
dk lw=kikr Hkh blh lkfgR; ls gqvk gSA D;ksafd turk dks igyh ckj tkfr vkSj o.kZ osQ uke ij 'kksf"kr fd,
tkus dh ckr le> esa vk;hA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
cgqfodYih; ç'uμ

4- dkSu viuh vuqHkwfrtfur rUe;rk dks cM+s lgt Hkko ls vfHkO;Dr djus dk lkeF;Z j[krs Fks\
(d) tSu ([k) ukFk
(x) fl¼ (?k) ;k mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
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5- us tkfr ikafr dk [kaMu] ckgjh vkMEcjksa dk fojksèk] xq# dk egÙo vkfn ckrsa fl¼ksa
ls xzg.k dh gSaA
(d) 'kqDy th us ([k) f}osnh th (x) xksj[kukFk (?k) dchj
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6- dchj }kjk iz;qDr gB;ksx dh 'kCnkoyh Hkh ls yh x;h gSA
(d) fl¼ iaFk ([k) tSu iaFk (x) ukFk iaFk (?k) dchj iaFk

7-2 vkfndkyhu lkfgR; osQ varxZr vkus okys oqQN izeq[k lkfgR;

7-2-1 vkfndkyhu lkfgR; osQ varxZr tSu lkfgR;

vkpkj&'kSyh osQ tSu&dkO;ksa esa ?kVukvksa osQ LFkku ij mins'kkRedrk dks izèkkurk nh xbZ gSA tSu&lkèkqvksa us jkl
dks ,d izHkko'kkyh jpuk&'kSyh dk :i fn;kA tSu&rhFk±djksa osQ thou&pfj=k rFkk oS".ko vorkjksa dh dFkk,¡
tSu&vkn'kks± osQ vkoj.k esa jkl uke ls i|c¼ dh xbZA vr% tSu&lkfgR; dk lcls vfèkd yksdfiz; :i
^jkl* xzaFk cu x,A ohj xkFkkvksa esa jkl dks gh jklks dgk x;k gS] foaQrq mudh fo"k;&Hkwfe tSu jkl&xzaFkksa ls
fHkUu gks xbZ gSA
vkfndkyhu fganhμtSu&lkfgR; dk laf{kIr ifjp;
panuckykjklμiSarhl Nanksa dk ,d y?kq [kaMdkO; gS] ftldh jpuk 1200 bZ- osQ yxHkx vklxq uked dfo
us tkykSj esa dh FkhA
Jkodkpkjμnsolsu uked izfl¼ vkpk;Z us 933 bZ- esa bl dkO; dh jpuk dh FkhA ;s ,d vPNs dfo rFkk
mPp dksfV osQ fpard FksA bUgksaus viHkza'k esa Hkh nCc&lgko&iikl uked dkO; fy[kk FkkA
jksoarfxfjjklμ;g fot;lsu lwfj dh dkO;&Ñfr gSA 1231 bZ- osQ yxHkx fyf[kr bl dkO; esa rhFk±dj
f=kukFk dh izfrek rFkk [krfxfj rhFkZ dk o.kZu gSA

7-2-2 vkfndkyhu lkfgR; osQ varxZr ukFk lkfgR;
jkgqy th us ukFk&iaFk dks fl¼ksa dh ijaijk dk gh fodflr :i ekuk gSA bl iaFk osQ pykus okys eRL;sanzukFk
(eNanjukFk) rFkk xksj[kukFk ekus x, gSaA f}osnh th osQ vuqlkj ukFk&iaFk ukFk&laiznk; osQ fl¼ er]
fl¼&ekxZ] ;ksx&ekxZ] ;ksx&laiznk;] voèkwr&er ,oa voèkwr laiznk; uke Hkh izfl¼ gSA
ukFk&lkfgR; la{ksi esaμ
xksj[kukFkμxksj[kukFk ukFk&lkfgR; osQ vkjaHkdrkZ ekus tkrs gSaA os fl¼ eRL;sanzukFk osQ f'k"; FksA foaQrq mUgksaus
fl¼ksa osQ ekxZ dk fojksèk fd;k FkkA xksj[kiaFkh lkfgR; osQ vuqlkj vkfnukFk Lo;a f'ko FksA xksj[kukFk ls igys

50 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY