Page 98 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV ls gksrh gSA fuR; fogkj osQ foèkk;d pkj rRo gSaμÑ".k] jkèkk] lgpjh vkSj o`ankouA jkèkk vkSj Ñ".k
fuR;fogkjh gSa vkSj thokRek l[kh Hkko ls muosQ fogkj n'kZu dks ije lq[k ekurk gSA** bl laiznk; esa jkèkk
dks Ñ".k ls Hkh m¡Qpk LFkku nsdj mUgha dh mikluk izeq[k :i ls dh tkrh gS] Ñ".k rks xkS.k :i esa mikL;
gSaA bl laiznk; osQ eafnjksa esa jkèkk dh ew£r Ñ".k osQ ik'oZ esa ugha gksrhA
JhÑ".k dh ck;ha vksj oL=k fu£er ,d xíh gksrh gS] ftlosQ mQij Lo.kZ&i=k ij Jhjkèkk 'kCn vafdr gksrk
gSA jkèkk cYyHk laiznk; osQ dfo;ksa us jkèkk&Ñ".k dh la;ksx& Ük`axkj dh fofoèk ØhM+kvksa dk fp=k.k fd;k gSA
bl laiznk; osQ izeq[k HkDr dfo gSaμfgr gfjoa'k (fgr pkSjklh] LiqQV ok.kh)] gfjjke O;kl (O;kl ok.kh)]
èkzqonkl (thon'kk yhyk] jax fouksn yhyk] fuR; foykl yhyk)] usgh ukxjhnkl (fgrok.kh) vkfnA
gfjnkl laiznk;

bls l[kh laiznk; Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ftlosQ izorZd izfl¼ laxhrK Lokeh gfjnkl th FksA ;s jkèkk&Ñ".k dh
fogkj yhykvksa dk vkuan l[kh Hkko ls izkIr fd;k djrs Fks] vr% bls l[kh laiznk; dh laKk nh xbZA gfjnkl
th us ^izse* dks gh mikL; crk;k gSA mudk izse fl¼kar vius ;qx dh HkfDr Hkkouk dks uohu fn'kk nsus okyk
fl¼ gqvkA bl fl¼kar us HkDrksa dks dfo vkSj dfo;ksa dks HkDr cuk fn;kA jkèkk&Ñ".k o`ankou esa fuR; fogkj
djus okys izseh tu gSa vkSj HkDr l[kh :i esa ml yhyk dk voyksdu dj vkuanksiyfCèk djrk gSA Lokeh
gfjnkl osQ inksa esa ,slh 'kSyh gS ftlls yxrk gS fd os vk¡[kksa ns[kh ?kVuk dk o.kZu dj jgs gSaA gfjnkl th
osQ nks izfl¼ xzaFk gSaμfl¼kar osQ in vkSj osQfyekyA osQfyeky esa jkèkk&Ñ".k dh yhykvksa osQ jliw.kZ fp=k
vafdr gSaA bl laiznk; osQ vU; dfo;ksa esaμtxUukFk xksLokeh (vuU; lsok fufèk)] chBy foiqy] fcgkfju
nkl] vkfn gSaA

pSrU; laiznk;
bl laiznk; osQ izorZd egkizHkq pSrU; caxky osQ uonhi uked LFkku osQ fuoklh FksA bl laiznk; dks xkSM+h;
laiznk; Hkh dgk tkrk gS rFkk bl er osQ nk'kZfud fl¼kar dks ^vkfpUR; HksnkHksn* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA pSrU;
egkizHkq dh HkfDr Hkkouk osQ vkèkkj ¯cnq Fksμizse] eerk vkSj HkkoqdrkA budh ekU;rk gS fd JhÑ".k ije rRo
gSa tho bZ'oj foeq[k gksus ij caèkuxzLr gksrk gS rFkk bZ'oj Ñik ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA eqfDr dk lkèku
gSμHkfDr] ftls os ik¡p izdkj dh ekurs gSaμ'kkar] nkL;] l[;] okRlY; ,oa ekèkq;ZA pSrU; laiznk; esa ^ijdh;k
Hkko* ls ^jl dk mYykl* ekuk x;k gS vkSj miifr Hkko dks LohÑfr iznku dh xbZ gSA pSrU; egkizHkq osQ
lacaèk esa ;g izfl¼ gS fd os t;nso] fo|kifr }kjk jfpr jkèkk&Ñ".k dh izseyhykvksa dks xkrs gq, u`R;
djrs&djrs Hkko&foHkksj gksdj jksus yxrs Fks vkSj HkfDr Hkkouk esa yhu gksdj izk;% ew£PNr rd gks tkrs FksA
xkSM+ ns'k esa izpfyr gksus osQ dkj.k bl laiznk; dks xkSM+h; laiznk; Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl laiznk; osQ HkDr
ekèkonkl ekèkqjh (Jh ekèkqjh ok.kh)] Hkxor eqfnr (o`ankou'kr) vkfn gSaA

VkLd Ñ".k HkfDr dky osQ izeq[k laiznk;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

12-1-3 Ñ".k dkO; dh izo`fÙk;k¡
Ñ".k dkO; dh jpuk izk;% mu HkDr dfo;ksa osQ }kjk dh xbZ gS] tks fdlh&u&fdlh laiznk; ls tqM+s gq, Fks]
vr% Ñ".kdkO; esa ,d:irk fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rhA Ñ".kyhyk dk xku rks izk;% bu lHkh dfo;ksa osQ }kjk fd;k
x;k] ijarq jkèkk&Ñ".k osQ fo"k; esa mudh viuh èkkj.kk,¡ ,oa ekU;rk,¡ jgh gSa] tks muosQ laiznk; fo'ks"k osQ
vuqlkj FkhaA ;qxhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa us Hkh Ñ".k dkO; dks fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa vo'; izHkkfor fd;k gSA
cYyHkkpk;Z th us rRdkyhu eqfLye 'kkldksa osQ vR;kpkjksa ls ihfM+r lekt dh nqnZ'kk osQ lanHkZ esa ,dek=k
JhÑ".k dks gh 'kj.k&LFky osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;kA lwfiQ;ksa osQ izse rRo dks ns[kdj Ñ".k HkDr vkpk;ks±

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