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Reeta Singh, Lovely Professional University bdkbZµ11% jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgkµlizlax O;k[;k

bdkbZ 11 uksV

jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgkµlizlax O;k[;k

vuqØef.kdk (Contents)
mís'; (Objectives)
izLrkouk (Introduction)
11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
11-2 lkjka'k (Summary)
11-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
11-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
11-5 lanHkZ iqLrosa$ (Further Readings)

mís'; (Objectives)

bl bdkbZ os$ vè;;u os$ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsµ
N jkepfjrekul ds nksgksa dk vFkZ tkuus esaA
N jkepfjrekul dh O;k[;k djus esaA
N rqylhnkl dh dkO; fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>us esaA
N jkepfjrekul ds mÙkjdk.M dh dFkk&oLrq dks le>us esaA

izLrkouk (Introduction)

egkdfo rqylhnkl ,d mRÑ"V dfo gh ugha] egku yksduk;d vkSj rRdkyhu lekt ds fn'kk&funsZ'kd Hkh
FksA buds }kjk jfpr egkdkO; ^Jhjkepfjrekul* Hkk"kk] Hkko mn~ns';] dFkkoLrq] pfj=k&fp=k.k rFkk laokn dh
n`f"V ls fgUnh&lkfgR; dk ,d vn~Hkqr xzUFk gSA blesa rqylh ds dfo] HkDr ,oa yksduk;d :i dk pje mRd"kZ
n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA ^Jhjkepfjrekul* esa rqylhnkl us O;fDr] ifjokj] lekt] jkT;] jktk] iz'kklu] fe=krk]
nkEiR; ,oa Hkzkr`Ro vkfn dk tks vkn'kZ izLrqr fd;k gS] og lEiw.kZ fo'o ds ekuo lekt dk iFk&izn'kZu djrk
jgk gSA ^fou;if=kdk* xzUFk esa bZ'oj ds izfr buds HkDr&ân; dk leiZ.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA blesa ,d HkDr ds
:i esa rqylh bZ'oj ds izfr nSU;Hkko ls viuh O;Fkk&dFkk dgrs gSaA
xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh dkO;&izfrHkk dk lcls fof'k"V i{k ;g gS fd ;s leUo;oknh FksA mUgksauss ^Jh
jkepfjrekul* esa jke dks f'ko dk vkSj f'ko dks jke dk HkDr iznf'kZr dj oS".ko ,oa 'kSo lEiznk;ksa esa leUo;
ds Hkko dks vfHkO;Dr fd;kA fu"kkn ,oa 'kcjh ds izfr jke ds O;ogkj dk fp=k.k dj lekt dh tkfrokn ij
vk/kkfjr Hkkouk dh fuLlkjrk ¼egÙoghurk½ dks izdV fd;k vkSj Kku ,oa HkfDr esa leUo; LFkkfir fd;kA

11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
11-1 jkepfjrekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk&lizlax O;k[;k
rqylhnkl foy{k.k izfrHkk ls lEiUu rFkk yksdfgr ,oa leUo; Hkko ls ;qDr egkdfo FksA Hkko&fp=k.k]
pfj=k&fp=k.k ,oa yksdfgrdkjh vkn'kZ ds fp=k.k dh n`f"V ls budh dkO;kRed izfrHkk dk mnkgj.k lEiw.kZ
fo'o&lkfgR; esa Hkh feyuk nqyZHk gSA

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