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Hardeep Kaur, Lovely Professional University
          izkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu dkO;




                     uksV
                                                                     bdkbZ 18
                                                            Hkzejxhrµlizlax O;k[;k



                                     vuqØef.kdk (Contents)
                                     mís'; (Objectives)
                                     izLrkouk (Introduction)
                                     18-1  m)o ds izfr JhÑ".k ds opu
                                           18-1-1 dqCtk ds opu m)o ds izfr
                                           18-1-2 m)o dk czt esa tkuk
                                     18-2  lkjka'k (Summary)
                                     18-3  'kCndks'k (Keywords)
                                     18-4  vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
                                     18-5  lanHkZ iqLrosa$ (Further Readings)


                                  mís'; (Objectives)

                                  bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ds i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsµ
                                    N Hkzejxhr ds inksa dh O;k[;k djus ,oa Hkzejxhr ds izlaxksa dks le>us esaA


                                  izLrkouk (Introduction)

                                       JhÑ".k ds }kjdk pys tkus ds i'pkr~ Ñ".k xksi&xksfi;ksa ls vyx gks x,A }kjdk esa muds fe=k m)o
                                  Kkuh gSaA os Ñ".k ls rdZ&fordZ ds vk/kkj ij fuxqZ.k czã ds izfr viuh vkLFkk O;Dr djrs gSaA Ñ".k lxq.k dh
                                  egÙkk le>kus gsrq m)o dks xksdqy Hkstrs gSaA m)o ds tkus ls iwoZ JhÑ".k uan ,oa xksdqy okfl;ksa ds izfr dqN
                                  lans'k nsrs gSaA m)o xksdqy igqapdj xksi&xksfi;ksa dks Kku vkSj ;ksx dh ckrsa le>krs gSaA lwjnkl us xksfi;ksa vkSj
                                  m)o ds okrkZyki ds fy, Hkzej dks ekè;e cuk;k gSA xksfi;k¡ Hkzej ds ekè;e ls m)o ls rdZ&forZd djrh gSa
                                  vkSj varr% m)o xksfi;ksa ds }kjk lxq.k ds i{k esa fn, x, vdkV~; rdks± ds lEeq[k ureLrd gks tkrs gSaA

                                  18-1 m)o ds izfr Jhd`".k ds opu
                                  18-1 m)o ds izfr Jhd`".k ds opu
                                  18-1 m)o ds izfr Jhd`".k ds opu
                                  18-1 m)o ds izfr Jhd`".k ds opu
                                  18-1 m)o ds izfr Jhd`".k ds opu
                                       ifgys dfj ijuke uan lksa lekpkj lc nhtksA
                                       ifgys dfj ijuke uan lksa lekpkj lc nhtksA
                                       ifgys dfj ijuke uan lksa lekpkj lc nhtksA
                                       ifgys dfj ijuke uan lksa lekpkj lc nhtksA
                                       ifgys dfj ijuke uan lksa lekpkj lc nhtksA
                                       vkSj ogk¡ o`"kHkkuq xksi lksa tk; ldy lqf/k yhtksAA
                                       vkSj ogk¡ o`"kHkkuq xksi lksa tk; ldy lqf/k yhtksAA
                                       vkSj ogk¡ o`"kHkkuq xksi lksa tk; ldy lqf/k yhtksAA
                                       vkSj ogk¡ o`"kHkkuq xksi lksa tk; ldy lqf/k yhtksAA
                                       vkSj ogk¡ o`"kHkkuq xksi lksa tk; ldy lqf/k yhtksAA
                                       Jhnkek vkfnd lc Xokyu esjs gqrks HksfV;ksA
                                       Jhnkek vkfnd lc Xokyu esjs gqrks HksfV;ksA
                                       Jhnkek vkfnd lc Xokyu esjs gqrks HksfV;ksA
                                       Jhnkek vkfnd lc Xokyu esjs gqrks HksfV;ksA
                                       Jhnkek vkfnd lc Xokyu esjs gqrks HksfV;ksA
                                       lq[k lans'k lquk; gekjks xksfiu dks nq[k esfV;ksA
                                       lq[k lans'k lquk; gekjks xksfiu dks nq[k esfV;ksA
                                       lq[k lans'k lquk; gekjks xksfiu dks nq[k esfV;ksA
                                       lq[k lans'k lquk; gekjks xksfiu dks nq[k esfV;ksA
                                       lq[k lans'k lquk; gekjks xksfiu dks nq[k esfV;ksA
                                       ea=kh bd cu clu gekjs rkfg feys lpq ikb;ksA
                                       ea=kh bd cu clu gekjs rkfg feys lpq ikb;ksA
                                       ea=kh bd cu clu gekjs rkfg feys lpq ikb;ksA
                                       ea=kh bd cu clu gekjs rkfg feys lpq ikb;ksA
                                       ea=kh bd cu clu gekjs rkfg feys lpq ikb;ksA
                                       lko/kku àS esjs gwrks rkgh ekFk uokb;ksA
                                       lko/kku àS esjs gwrks rkgh ekFk uokb;ksA
                                       lko/kku àS esjs gwrks rkgh ekFk uokb;ksA
                                       lko/kku àS esjs gwrks rkgh ekFk uokb;ksA
                                       lko/kku àS esjs gwrks rkgh ekFk uokb;ksA
                                       lqUnj ije fdlksj c;Øe papy u;u folkyA
                                       lqUnj ije fdlksj c;Øe papy u;u folkyA
                                       lqUnj ije fdlksj c;Øe papy u;u folkyA
                                       lqUnj ije fdlksj c;Øe papy u;u folkyA
                                       lqUnj ije fdlksj c;Øe papy u;u folkyA
                                       dj eqjyh flj eksj ia[k ihrkacj mj cuekyAA
                                       dj eqjyh flj eksj ia[k ihrkacj mj cuekyAA
                                       dj eqjyh flj eksj ia[k ihrkacj mj cuekyAA
                                       dj eqjyh flj eksj ia[k ihrkacj mj cuekyAA
                                       dj eqjyh flj eksj ia[k ihrkacj mj cuekyAA
                                       tfj Mfj;ks rqe l?ku cuu esa cztnsoh j[kokjA
                                       tfj Mfj;ks rqe l?ku cuu esa cztnsoh j[kokjA
                                       tfj Mfj;ks rqe l?ku cuu esa cztnsoh j[kokjA
                                       tfj Mfj;ks rqe l?ku cuu esa cztnsoh j[kokjA
                                       tfj Mfj;ks rqe l?ku cuu esa cztnsoh j[kokjA
                                       o`Unkcu lks clr fujUrj dcgw¡ u gksr fu;kjA
                                       o`Unkcu lks clr fujUrj dcgw¡ u gksr fu;kjA
                                       o`Unkcu lks clr fujUrj dcgw¡ u gksr fu;kjA
                                       o`Unkcu lks clr fujUrj dcgw¡ u gksr fu;kjA
                                       o`Unkcu lks clr fujUrj dcgw¡ u gksr fu;kjA
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