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dFkk lkfgR; ,oa fucaèk



                  uksV          lc Bhd dj ysxkA ekrknhu us flfy;k dks cqjk&Hkyk dgk rks foo'k gksdj flfy;k gksjh dh 'kj.k esa vk;h vkSj
                                mlh osQ ;gk¡ jgus yxhA

                                vc gksjh dks viuh yM+dh lksuk osQ C;kg dh fpark gksus yxh] D;ksafd xk¡o osQ eupys yM+osQ mldk ihNk djus
                                yxs FksA gksjh osQ lksukjh xk¡o osQ ,d èkuh fdlku xkSjh egrks osQ yM+osQ eFkqjk ls lksuk dk fookg djuk fuf'pr
                                fd;kA lksuk vkSj flfy;k osQ iz;kl ls ngst dh Hkh leL;k ugha jghA bl izdkj fcuk fdlh dfBukbZ osQ lksuk
                                dk fookg laiUu gks x;kA Hkksyk us viuk nwljk fookg dj fy;k Fkk] fdarq blls mlosQ ?kj esa >xM+k bruk c<+k
                                fd csVksa us mls ihVdj ?kj ls fudky fn;kA Hkksyk vkSj mldh iRuh uksgjh us uks[ksjke osQ ;gk¡ 'kj.k yhA uks[ksjke
                                us uksgjh ij viuk vfèkdkj dj fy;kA Hkksyk bruk nqcZy ân; Fkk fd u ogk¡ jg ldrk Fkk] u dgha tk ldrk
                                FkkA iQyr% og ukSdj dh Hkk¡fr ogk¡ jgus yxkA bèkj iVs'ojh dh pky esa vkdj ex: 'kkg us gksjh ij fMxzh
                                dj nh vkSj mldk bZ[k uhyke gks x;kA
                                xkscj tc y[kuÅ igq¡pk] rks mlus ns[kk fd tgk¡ ij og [kksepk yxkrk Fkk] ogk¡ ij fdlh nwljs us vfèkdkj
                                dj fy;k gSA foo'k gksdj mlus [kUuk dh phuh fey esa ukSdjh dj yhA >qfu;k ls Hkh og fojDr&lk jgus yxkA
                                nksuksa dk eu&eqVko bruk c<+k fd xkscj us ,d fnu mls ihV Hkh fn;kA xkscj 'kjkc Hkh ihus yxk FkkA cPps dh
                                mfpr ns[kHkky u gksus osQ dkj.k ,d fnu og ej x;kA mèkj [kUuk dh fey esa e”knwjksa us osru osQ iz'u ij
                                gM+rky dj nh] naxs esa xkscj cqjh rjg ekj [kk cSBkA mls vLirky igq¡pk;k x;kA mldh bl 'kkspuh; n'kk dks
                                ns[kdj >qfu;k nzfor gks mBhA xkscj vpsr iM+k FkkA ml le; >qfu;k us vius izk.kksa ls Hkh c<+dj mldh lsok
                                dhA bèkj mls cPpk Hkh gks x;kA pqfg;k uke dh ,d iM+kslu us ml cPps dh cM+h ns[k&js[k dhA rHkh ,d fnu]
                                tc xkscj dke dh ryk'k esa Fkk] mls ekyrh fey x;hA mlus xkscj dks vius ?kj esa ekyh osQ :i esa j[k fy;kA
                                >qfu;k Hkh ogha jgus yxhA mUgha fnuksa xkscj osQ cPps dks pspd fudy vk;hA ekyrh osQ iz;klksa ls cPpk tYnh
                                Bhd gks x;kA

                                Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)

                                cgqfodYih; iz'u (Multiple Choice Questions) :

                                 1- jk;iky vejiky ¯lg dgk¡ osQ ”kehnkj Fks\
                                    (d) cukjl                             ([k) vo/

                                    (x) y[kumQ                            (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
                                 2- gksjh fdlosQ :i;s ykSVkus dh ¯prk esa jgrk Fkk\
                                    (d) jkelsod                           ([k) jk;lkgc

                                    (x) ekyrh                             (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
                                 3- xkscj dks y[kumQ esa dgk¡ ukSdjh fey xbZ Fkh\

                                    (d) vkVk fey                          ([k) phuh fey
                                    (x) pkoy fey                          (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
                                flfy;k us ,d cPps dks tUe fn;k] rks ekrknhu mlosQ fu"diV izse ls izzHkkfor gksdj ,d fnu gksjh dks mlosQ
                                fy, nks #i;s ns vk;kA flfy;k #i;s vkSj ekrknhu dk I;kj ikdj bruh izlUu gqbZ fd mlh jkr lksuk ls feyus

                                unh ikj mlosQ xk¡o igq¡p x;hA eFkqjk mls ns[kdj mldk gkFk idM+us yxk] rHkh flfy;k us viuk gkFk NqM+k
                                fy;kA mlh le; vanj ls lksuk dh vkokt vk;hA eFkqjk osQ lkFk tc flfy;k vanj igq¡ph] rks bruh jkr x;s




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