Page 422 - DHIN502_AADHUNIK_KAAVYA

vk/qfud dkO; Vinod Kumar, Lovely Professional University

uksV
bdkbZ 27% vlkè; oh.kk dk f'kYi fo/ku

vuqØef.kdk
mís';

izLrkouk
27-1 vlkè; oh.kk dk f'kYi fo/ku
27-1-1 izd`fr lkSan;Z ,oa èofu
27-1-2 Nan fo/ku

27-1-3 Hkk"kk
27-2 lkjka'k
27-3 'kCndks'k
27-4 vH;kl&iz'u
27-5 lanHkZ iqLrosQa

mís';

fo|kFkhZ bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ l{ke gksaxsµ
• vlkè; oh.kk osQ f'kYi fo/ku dks le>us esaA

izLrkouk

oLrq osQ lkFk f'kYi dk vfoHkkT; laca/ gSA laosnu rÙoksa dks f'kYi gh :ikdkj iznku djrk gS rFkk mUgsa xzkÞ;
,oa izHkko'kkyh cukrk gSA ;|fi oLrq dks f'kYi dk LFkkukiUu ugha eku tk ldrkA fdlh Hkh jpuk dk f'kYi

vkSj ra=k Hkh mruk gh egÙoiw.kZ gS ftruk fd og oLrq ftldk laizs"k.k gksuk gSA fof'k"V oLrq vius laizs"k.k
osQ fy, fof'k"V f'kYi dh vis{kk j[krh gSA vKs; us f'kYi dks igys ds dfo;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d egÙo
fn;k gSA dkO; esa 'kCn osQ ekè;e ls vFkZ dk fo/ku gksrk gSA 'kCn fo/ku dk laca/ f'kYi ls gS vkSj vFkZ dk
oLrq ls vKs; vius jkxnhIr lR; dks] viuh vuqHkwfr;ksa dks :ikdkj nsus esa f'kYi midj.kksa dk cM+h lko/
kuh ls iz;ksx djrs gSaA fliQZ f'kYi ds fy, f'kYi dh os ckr ugha djrs vkxzgiwoZd vkyadkfjd 'kCn ;kstuk]
d`f=ke Nan fo/ku vkfn oLrq rÙo ds izHkko dks ?kVk nsrs gSA fdarq tgk¡ oLrq vuqdwy] Nan] :i vkSj f'kYi
ds vU; midj.kksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ogk¡ oLrq us fliZQ lgt laizs"; gksrh gSA cfYd vkSj vf/d izHkko'kkyh
cu tkrh gSA

27.1 vlkè; oh.kk dk f'kYi fo/ku

27.1.1 izd`fr lkSan;Z ,oa èofu
vlkè; oh.kk dfork esa vusd izdkj dh èofu;k¡ vkjaHk ls ysdj var rd xqatk;eku gSaA fdarq blls vyx vfr
izkphu fdjhVh r: ds o.kZu ds ekè;e ls oU; lkSan;Z ds fofo/ :i Hkh dfork esa latks, x, gSaA

416 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY