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bdkbZ 10% vkèks&vèkwjsµ izeq[k ik=kksa dk pfj=k&fp=k.k
10-1-2 L=kh % lkfo=kh uksV
L=kh vFkkZr~ lkfo=kh dk pfj=k vkt osQ foÙkh; ,oa oxhZ; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh vfuok;Z nsuµruko] ?kqVu] foo'krk vkSj
foiQyrk dh dgkuh dgus okyk pfj=k gSA mldk pfj=k ml ukjh dk pfj=k gS tks fd ;qx&;qxksa ls filrh vk
jgh gS] 'kks"k.k ,oa mRihM+u dk f'kdkj gksrh tk jgh gSµ ij igys dkj.k ekufld uSfrdrkvksa ls vks<+h gqbZ
ekU;rkvksa osQ vfèkd Fks] tcfd vkt mlls fHkUu gSa] vFkkZr~ vfèkd gSaA igys lkfo=kh vFkkZr~ ukjh ^lEiw.kZrk*
;k ^thou dh futh lexzrk* uked fdlh oLrq ls ifjfpr ugha Fkh] tcfd vkt og ifjfpr gks pqdh gSA fdUrq
bl ifjfpr ,oa vFkZ&dke osQ oS"kE;ksa osQ dkj.k mldk thou O;ogkjr% igys ls Hkh dgha vfèkd dq<+u] ?kqVu]
ruko] VwVu vkSj fc[kjko dk f'kdkj gksdj jgk x;k gSA og ,d ,slh lqxfUèk dh 'kh'kh cudj jg xbZ gS
fd ftls [kqyk NksM+ nsus ls ml osQ lqxfUk&lRo osQ mM+ tkus dk Hk; gS] cUn djosQ j[k nsus ls lM+&xy dj
mlosQ nqxZfUèkr gks tkus dk Hkh mruk gh Hk; gSA igys ^ik=k* 'kh"kZd osQ vUrxZr ukVddkj us Lo;a L=kh vFkkZr
lkfo=kh dk tks cfgjax vfèkd vkSj vUrjax de ifjp; fp=k.k fn;k gS] ^^L=kh! mez pkyhl dks NwrhA psgjs ij
;kSou dh ped vkSj pkg fiQj Hkh 'ks"kA Cykmt vkSj lkM+h lkèkkj.k gksrs gq, Hkh lq#fpiw.kZA nwljh lkM+h fo'ks"k
volj dhA**
bl ifjp; esa nks&rhu 'kCn fo'ks"k è;krO; gSaA igyk rks ;g fd ;kSou dh ped vkSj ^pkg fiQj Hkh 'ks"k*A
;g pkg lkfo=kh osQ vUrjax thou dks :if;r djrh gSa blh izdkj ^lq#fpiw.kZ* 'kCn mldh oxhZ; lq#fp;ksa dk
ifjpk;d gSA vUr esa ^nwljh lkM+h fo'ks"k volj dh* 'kCn mldh orZeku fo?kVu'khy vkfFkZd ,oa oxhZ; fLFkfr;ksa
osQ ifjpk;d gSaA okLro esa ukVddkj us bUgha rhu eq[; ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj L=kh vFkkZr~ vkt dh eè;oxhZ;
foÙkh; fLFkfr;ksa ls fuEu&eè;&oxhZ; fLFkfr;ksa dh vksj vxzlj gksrh] ukSdjh is'kk dh foo'krk dks vks<+s gq,] L=kh
osQ pfj=k dk fp=k.k fd;k gSA
L=kh vFkkZr~ lkfo=kh ukVd ^vkèks&vèkwjs* dk osQUæh; ukjh&ik=k gSA okLrfod vFkks± esa ^vkèks&vèkwjs* ukVd mruh
egsUæukFk osQ vFkkZr~ iq#"k osQ ruko vkSj VwVu dh dgkuh ugha gS ftruh fd L=kh vFkkZr~ lkfo=kh osQ ruko vkSj
VwVu dh dgkuh gSA lkfo=kh osQ dkj.k gh ;g ukVd iq#"k&ik=k izèkku u cudj ukjh&izèkku cu x;k gSA vr%
lkfo=kh dks ge ^vkèks&vèkwjs* ukVd dh ukf;dk rks fuHkzkZUr :i ls dg gh ldrs gSa] ijUrq eq[; è;krO; rF;
;g gS fd Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR; dkO;&'kkL=kksa esa ukf;dk osQ ftu xq.kksa] :iksa vkj vUrjax&cfgjax pfj=kksa dks
ifjdfYir fd;k x;k gS] og mu lc dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj lhek esa drbZ ugha vkrhA og ,d vius gh fdLe
dh vksj furkUr vkèkqfudk ukf;dk gS ftlosQ pfj=k esa ijEijk osQ fdlh :i&xq.k dks [kkstuk izk;% O;FkZ gSA
og vius vki esa vkèkqfud eè; ls fuEu&eè;&oxZ dh vksj foo'kr% fo?kfVr gksrs L=kh ;k ukjh osQ pfj=k vkSj
O;fDrRo dk lexzr% izfrfufèkRo djrh gSA bu vFkks± vkSj lanHkks± esa lkfo=kh dks ge ijEijkxr ukjh&pfj=k u
dg dj lexzr% vkSj lEiw.kZr% vkèkqfud fo?kVu'khy izo`fÙk;ksa] ewY;ksa vkSj ekuksa okys ;qx dk ukjh&ik=k vkSj
bl vFkZ esa ukf;dk dg ldrs gSaA lkfo=kh osQ pfj=k osQ :i esa ukVddkj jkosQ'k us ml vkèkqfud eè;oxhZ;
ukjh dk pfj=k&fp=k.k fd;k gS tks fd Lo;a ifrr gksdj Hkh vius&vkidks ifrr ugha ekuuk pkgrh vFkkZr~ viuk
vèkwjkiu nwljksa ij Fkksius esa gh vius vga dh iqf"V&rqf"V Lohdkj djrh gSA rq"V gksus dh ;g Hkkouk mls ifr
ls vyx rks dj gh nsrh gS] ,d lhek rd vkokjk vkSj LosPNkpkfj.kh vkSj ,rnFkZ esa gh ,d lhek rd fuyZTt
Hkh cuk nsrh gSA
vk/s&v/wjs ukVd osQ vfrfjDr eksgu jkosQ'k us vyx&vyx HkkodeZ ij nks vkSj
ukVdµygjksa osQ jktgal rFkk vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu dh jpuk dhA
lkfo=kh dks] Lo;a esa vèkwjkiu jgrs gq, Hkh] iwjkiu vkSj iwjs O;fDr dh ryk'k gSA ;g ryk'k gh mls vkUrfjd
n`f"V ls xgu rukoiw.kZ fLFkfr;ksa esa yk iVdrh gSA ruko esa NViVkgV osQ flok, vU; fdlh Hkh izdkj dh
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