Page 176 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_ENGLISH

Sociological Thought

notes Pareto has explained his circulatory principle of social changes on the basis of two types of residues
(a) residues of confluence and (b) residues of stability of group. Some such people or groups are there
in which abundance of residues of permanence is found while in some there is exorbitance of residues
of confluence. First group in which there is predominance of the distinguished operators of confluence
emphasise on the spur of the moment interests while the other group in which residues of stability
are more active believe in ideological targets. How social changes are possible with the action of these
two types of residues, it will be clarified in the below mentioned description.
There are three main side of the cycle of social changes: political, financial and idealistic. In political
field, circular change is most dynamic when ruling power comes in the hands of those people in
which operators of stability of the group are more powerful. They are called “lions”. Because of being
more inspired by the residues of stability of the group, these “lion” people have a firm faith in some
ideological targets and for achieving these ideals they do not hesitate in taking the support of might.
The process of using the might may be terrible, that is why this method is inconvenient. This is why
they take the support of diplomacy and they convert themselves from “lions” to “foxes” and like a fox
work cleverly. But there are foxes in the lower class also and they are always looking for an opportunity
to take power in their hands; at the end, there comes a time when actually power slips from the hands
of foxes of the upper class and moves into the hands f the foxes of the lower class. Only then there is
a change in political field or political organisation and arrangements. Pareto’s saying is that each past
and present society, in comparison to reason, makes more use of power; all countries and re-ruled by
scanty democrats who use power. When ruling groups people, thinking about the terrible results of use
of power, start using diplomacy in place of power or like foxes start working cleverly and cunningly,
then few clever, cunning and skilled people of the lower class become eager to strongly reply to that
cleverness and cunningness and they do so even, as a result of which reins of government goes into
their hands. Changes happen in political side of social organisation like this only.
As far as the question is about the change is financial field or financial organisation and arrangement,
Pareto attracts our attention towards two financial groups of society. Those two groups are-
(1) speculators (2) fixed income group. Income of the members of the first group is absolutely indefinite,
some times more and sometimes less; but whatever people of this group earn they earn it through
their intelligence only. As opposed to this, income of the second group is certain or almost certain
because like the speculators they are not dependent of the speculation. In speculators, primacy of
residues of confluence and in fixed income group, predominance of residues of stability of group is
found. That is why people of first group are inventors, industrial leaders, skilled businessmen etc. This
group, for its own financial interest or in fascination for other powers; themselves become the victim
of cleverness and corruption. Because of which their downfall happens and the other group takes its
place. Prosperity or development of the society depends on this only that the group of distinguished
operators of confluence take the nation towards innovation through new confluences and inventions
and group of distinguished operators of the stability of the group is helpful in receiving the benefits
that can be obtained from those new confluences. Secret of economic development or progress is
hidden in this only. In the same manner in ideological field cycle of trust and distrust keep moving.
In any time specific, there is predominance of trustables in the society but they, because of their
sturdiness and stereotypeness, themselves collect the resources of their downfall and their place is
taken by the other group.
In the above mentioned manner changes happen in political, economic and ideological field.

self assessment
Fill in the blanks–
1. In political field, circular change is most dynamic when _________ comes in the hands of
those people.

170 LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY