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lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk




                     uksV        mi;qZDr foospuk ls ;g Li"V gS fd ekDlZ dk fuf'pr er gS fd ^vfrfjDr ewY;* gh og gfFk;kj gS ftlosQ
                                 }kjk iw¡thifr oxZ Jfed oxZ dk fujUrj 'kks"k.k djrk gS vkSj ;g 'kks"k.k gh vUrr% oxZ&la?k"kZ dk dkj.k curk
                                 gSA bl izdkj vfrfjDr ewY; vkSj oxZ&la?k"kZ esa ,d izR;{k lEcU/ gSA oxZ vkSj oxZ&la?k"kZ lEcU/h fuEufyf[kr
                                 foospuk ls ;g ckr vkSj Hkh Li"V gks tk,xhA

                                 9-3 lkjka'k (Summary)


                                     • ekDlZ us bfrgkl dh HkkSfrdoknh vo/kj.kk dks fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa ns[kk gS ;fn ekDlZ dh vè;;u
                                       fof/ dks Li"V djus osQ fy;s dgk tk,] rks loZizFke ;gh dguk iM+sxk fd ekDlZ us bfrgkl dh O;k[;k
                                       O;fDrfu"B u djosQ oLrqxr dh gSA blfy;s mudh fof/ oSKkfud gSA
                                     • bfrgkl osQ blh fu;e ij ekDlZ dh vè;;u fof/ dgrh gS] iw¡thokn osQ fojks/ Lo:i lektokn
                                       vk;sxkA ;g voLFkk laozQe.k dkyhu voLFkk gSA
                                     • lkE;okn ekDlZ osQ fy;s dksbZ yqHkkouk eqgkojk ugha gS vkSj u gh ;g dksbZ vkn'kZ gSA ;g rks og js[kk
                                       gS] og ydhj gS ftl ij bfrgkl cjkcj pyrk vk jgk gSA

                                 9-4 'kCndks'k  (Keywords)


                                    1- iw¡thokn  (Capitalism): ,d ,slh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ftlesa vkfFkZd thou dk vf/dka'k Hkkx
                                       fo'ks"kdj mRikfnr oLrqvksa dk LokfeRo ;k fofu;kstu futh rkSj ij vkfFkZd izfrLi/kZ dh izfozQ;k rFkk
                                       ykHk izkfIr dh izdV bPNk j[kh tkrh gSA

                                 9-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                    1- iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dh ewyHkwr fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk djsaA
                                    2- ekDlZ us viuh dkSu&lh nks izeq[k iqLrdksa esa ^iwathokn* in dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k gSA
                                    3- ekDlZ osQ vuqlkj iawthokn osQ ckn dkSu&lh voLFkk vk;sxh\

                                 mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)

                                    1- rRdkyhu                 2- vof/               3- mRikndA

                                 9-6 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                     iqLrdsa  1-  lkekftd fopkj/kjkµjohUnzukFk eq[kthZA
                                              2-  LVªDpj vkWI + kQ lksf'k;ksykWftdy F;ksjhµts- ,p- VuZjA

                                              3-  lksf'k;ksykWftdy F;ksjhµvczkge ,oa ek¡xZuA











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