Page 75 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

bdkbZ—11: iw¡thoknh lekt esa vyxko

11-1 fo"k;&oLrq (Subject Matter) uksV

iwathoknh O;oLFkk esa] pkgs og nqfu;k osQ fdlh Hkh dksus esa gks] dkexkj dh fLFkfr fdlh Hkh Hkou esa yxk;s tkus
okys iRFkj osQ mu pkS[kVksa dh gS ftls dkjhxj pkgs rks iQ'kZ ij yxk nsa vkSj pkgs rks Fkqdnkuh osQ LVS.M ij tksM+
nsA iRFkj dh ;s pkS[kVsa cstku gSa] mUgsa rks ?kM+k vkSj rjk'kk gh blfy;s gS fd dkjhxj viuh euethZ ls mUgsa dgha
Hkh yxk nsosA fgUnh osQ izxfr'khy dfo nq";Ur ,d txg ij dgrs gSa fd iawthoknh O;oLFkk esa vkneh rks osQoy
ek=k ,d >qu>quk gS ftls fcuk vkneh dh fpUrk fd;s dgha Hkh fdlh Hkh ekSosQ ij ctk;k tk ldrk gSA

ftl rjg pkgks] ctkvks bl lHkk esaA
ge ugha gSa vkneh] ge >qu>qus gSaAA
blh lanHkZ esa dkexkj rks ,d >qu>quk gS ftls iawthifr dks viuh bPNkuqlkj ctkrk gSA >qu>uk vius vki esa
oqQN ugha gSA iwathoknh O;oLFkk esa dkexkj ,d vtuch (Stranger) ek=k gSA mlosQ ikl dksbZ 'kfDr ughaa
(Powerless) gSA
ekDlZ us osQfiVy dh igyh ftYn esa vyxkooknh Jfedksa (Alienated Labour) dh ppkZ foLrkj ls dh gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa bjfoax tSVfyu (Irving M. Zeitlin) tSls fl¼kUr osÙkkvksa dk rks dguk gS fd ekDlZ us
oSQfiVy iqLrd dk 'kh"kZd vyxko Hkh j[kk gksrk rks vuqfpr ugha FkkA

oSQfiVy esa ekDlZ us ;g foLrkjiwoZd crk;k gS fd iwathoknh O;oLFkk cjkcj fodflr gksrh gS vkSj bldk dkj.k
c<+rh gqbZ mRiknu 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj cqfu;knh mRiknu lEcU/ gSA bl lanHkZ esa osQfiVy esa ekDlZ us ;g LFkkfir fd;k
gS fd iwathokn osQ fodkl osQ lkFk thou dh n'kkvksa esa cgqr rsth ls ifjorZu vk;k gSA T;ksa&T;ksa iwathokn osQ
ia[k iSQys gSa R;ksa&R;ksa dkj[kkuksa vkSj feyksa esa dke djus okys Jfedksa esa vyxko vk;k gSA feyksa osQ /q,a osQ xqckj
osQ uhps dkexkj cjkcj lksprk gS] bl lEiw.kZ O;oLFkk esa eSa rks cjkcj ?kweus okyk nk¡rk (Cog) gw¡ ftldk gksuk
u gksuk cjkcj gSA eSa rks ,d ek=k puk gw¡ tks HkkM+ ugha iQksM+ ldrkA dkexkj dh bl foo'krk dks ekDlZ us Jfedksa
dks vyxko osQ vUrxZr j[kk gSA vyxko dh leL;k bl Hkk¡fr oxZ O;oLFkk ls tqM+h gqbZ gS vkSj blhfy;s ge
bldk foospu oxZ osQ vUrxZr djrs gSaA
vyxko dk vFkZ (Meaning of Alienation)

vaxzsth esa vyxko osQ fy;s ,fyfu,'ku (Alienation) in dke esa fy;k tkrk gSA bldk iz;ksx osQoy ekDlZoknh
gh djrs gksa] ,slk ugha gSA xSj&ekDlZoknh Hkh i;kZIr :i esa bl in dks dke esa ykrs gSaA 20oha 'krkCnh osQ eè;
esa bl in dk iz;ksx n'kZu'kkL=k osQ 'kCn dks"k esa gqvk FkkA blls igys ;|fi n'kZu'kkL=k vkSj mlosQ ckgj Hkh
bldks iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk FkkA ,d vo/kj.kk osQ :i eas ;g igyh ckj 'kCn dks"k esa bl 'krkCnh osQ eè; esa
vk;kA xSj&n'kZu 'kkL=kh; iz;ksx esa tc bldks dke esa fy;k tkrk Fkk rks bldk eryc vius iqjkus nksLrksa vkSj
lg;ksfx;ksa ls lEcU/ foPNsn djus ls FkkA vFkZ vkSj dkuwu esa tc lEifr ,d gkFk ls nwljs gkFk dks gLrkukUrfjr
dh tkrh Fkh rc vyxko dk iz;ksx gksrk FkkA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s oLrqvksa dks [kjhnuk cspuk oLrq dh pksjh djuk]
fdlh dks HksaV nsuk ;s lc vyxko osQ vFkZ osQ vUrxZr vkrs FksA ekDlZ igys O;fDr Fks ftUgksaus bl vo/kj.kk
dks n'kZu dk ntkZ fn;kA bZlkbZ /eZ esa bl in dh mRifÙk ikiksa ls eqfDr osQ vFkZ ls gSA

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