Page 86 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_ENGLISH

Sociology of Kinship

Notes deceased wife. It is noted that the child so born is recognized as the child of living wife not of
deceased.
‘Levirate’ and ‘Sororate’ enforces on the acknowledgement of interfamily responsibilities and
recognizes marriage as a relation between two families instead of two persons.
We can discuss one more type of polygamy which is called group marriage. When two or more
grooms are married to two or more brides simultaneously, it is called group marriage. It is the
mix form of polygamy and polyandry which is some times seen in Kyne Gangu Tribes and
Markvesno Tribes of Brazil.
(b) Classification on the basis of the Selection of Life Partner: When the life partners are chosen
by one-another for marriage, then it is based on Romance and termed as love marriage. When
they are selected by parents, relatives or friends then it is termed as arrange marriage.
When marriage in confined between one group of people then it is termed as endogamy. In this
the marriage out of the people of the group is prohibited. In this reference we can narrate about
the Intra-Tribal Marriage, Intra-Caste Marriage, Intra-Class Marriage, Intra-Creed Marriage etc.
Because of the deep fear in mind about a peculiar, new and strange object, all Indian tribes only
recognize endogamy.
Sometimes marriage with a close relative is given priority or it is preferred. Thus people in Gond
Tribe shall have to marry to their tertiary relatives. If any people violate this rule then the earn-
ing party has to pay penalty to the other side. Gasan had found that 54% of marriage in Gond is
of this category. Kharia and Unnao Tribes have also a custom to marry to their tertiary relative.
The same is seen in the Khasi Tribes also but Khasi male can marry to his father’s sister after the
death of his father only.
(c) Levi-Stras Said that the main aim of marriage based on priority and selection is to strength-
en the emotion of unity in any tribe. Thus marrying to the daughter of the brother of mother by
a man is seen in reference to the nature of mother localization.
When marriage is prohibited among those which belong to same group then it is called ex-
ogamy. Exogamy is practiced in Hindu on the basis of Gotra and Pravar. Besides this, exogamy
is also practiced on the basis of pind. In Hindu society, marriage is prohibited under same pind.
Pind means similar parents. The people of five generation of maternal side and seven generation
of paternal side come under Sapind. In some Indian tribes there is custom of village exogamy.
This rule is practiced in Munda and other tribes of Chhotta Nagpur of Bihar. Naga tribe in Naga-
land is classed among Khel. Khel is a name given to the residents of an special place and people
of one Khel cannot marry among themselves.
(d) Classification according to the Status of the Couple: When the couple are near about equiva-
lent in age, education, character, economic status, social status etc. then the marriage between
the couple is known as Even Marriage. On the other hand, when there are many differences in
the parameters of the couple then it is termed as Odd Marriage.
Classification of marriage according to the male and female of dissimilar social status also exists.
When a man of high social status marries to a girl of comparatively low social status then such
marriage is termed as Descending Marriage. In this type of marriage, generally the man doesn’t
have to face any social discrepancy due to his social status that he has married to a woman of
low category. On the other hand when any woman belonging to high status marries to a low
status man, such marriage is termed as Pratiloma Marriage. As a result of such marriage the
woman has to face social deploration as well as neglect and even in some society the pain of
ousting also. Such discriminating valuation about male and female is seen in all the societies.
Thus Boshum says: “This discrimination is seen in other societies also. For example: In the time
of Victoria if any Royal Blood married to any actress then he seldom faces any deploration or
neglection, which was faced by a Royal Woman after marrying to a common man.
(e) Difference between Closed Marriage Arrangements and Open Marriage Arrangements: The
society in which it is restricted that the brides or grooms should be chosen from the one or more

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